{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Linde, C. C.; Selmes, H.
{Year}: 2012
{Title}: Genetic diversity and mating type distribution of Tuber melanosporum and their significance to truffle cultivation in artificially planted truffieres in Australia
{URL}: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=22773652&query_hl=1
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Appl Environ Microbiol
{Volume}: 78
{Issue}: 18
{Pages}: 6534-9
{DOI}: 10.1128/AEM.01558-12
{Date Displayed}: 2012 Sep
{Date}: 2012-09-01
{Type of Work}: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
{Accession Number}: 22773652
{Keywords}: Ascomycota/*classification/genetics/*growth & development; Australia; DNA, Fungal/genetics; *Food Microbiology; *Genes, Mating Type, Fungal; *Genetic Variation; Microsatellite Repeats; Molecular Typing; Mycological Typing Techniques
{Abstract}: Tuber melanosporum is a truffle native to Europe and is cultivated in countries such as Australia for the gastronomic market, where production yields are often lower than expected. We assessed the genetic diversity of T. melanosporum with six microsatellite loci to assess the effect of genetic drift on truffle yield in Australia. Genetic diversity as assessed on 210 ascocarps revealed a higher allelic diversity compared to previous studies from Europe, suggesting a possible genetic expansion and/or multiple and diverse source populations for inoculum. The results also suggest that the single sequence repeat diversity of locus ME2 is adaptive and that, for example, the probability of replication errors is increased for this locus. Loss of genetic diversity in Australian populations is   therefore not a likely factor in limiting ascocarp production. A survey of nursery seedlings and trees inoculated with T. melanosporum revealed that <70% of seedlings and host trees were colonized with T. melanosporum and that some trees   had been contaminated by Tuber brumale, presumably during the inoculation process. Mating type (MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1) analyses on seedling and four- to ten-year-old host trees found that 100% of seedlings but only approximately half   of host trees had both mating types present. Furthermore, MAT1-1-1 was detected significantly more commonly than MAT1-2-1 in established trees, suggesting a competitive advantage for MAT1-1-1 strains. This study clearly shows that there are more factors involved in ascocarp production than just the presence of both mating types on host trees.
{Author Address}: Evolution, Ecology, and Genetics, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. celeste.linde@anu.edu.au
{Language}: eng

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Largeteau, M. L.; Llarena-Hernandez, R. C.; Regnault-Roger, C.; Savoie, J. M.
{Year}: 2011
{Title}: The medicinal Agaricus mushroom cultivated in Brazil: biology, cultivation and non-medicinal valorisation
{URL}: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=22005742&query_hl=1
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol
{Volume}: 92
{Issue}: 5
{Pages}: 897-907
{DOI}: 10.1007/s00253-011-3630-7
{Date Displayed}: 2011 Dec
{Date}: 2011-12-01
{Type of Work}: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review
{Accession Number}: 22005742
{Keywords}: Agaricus/*chemistry/enzymology/genetics/*growth & development; Brazil; Culture Techniques/*methods; Functional Food/*analysis; Fungal Proteins/genetics/metabolism; Nutritive Value; Plant Diseases/*prevention & control
{Abstract}: Sun mushroom is a cultivated mushroom extensively studied for its medicinal properties for several years and literature abounds on the topic. Besides, agronomical aspects were investigated in Brazil, the country the mushroom comes from, and some studies focus on the biology of the fungus. This review aimed to present an overview of the non-medicinal knowledge on the mushroom. Areas of commercial production and marketing trends are presented. Its specific fragrance, taste, nutritional value and potential use of extracts as food additives are compared to those of the most cultivated fungi and laboratory models. The interest of the mushroom for lignocellulosic enzyme production and source of biomolecules for the control of plant pathogens are shown. Investigation of genetic variability among cultivars is reported. Growing and storage of mycelium, as well as cultivation conditions (substrate and casing generally based on local   products; indoor and outdoor cultivation; diseases and disorders) are described and compared to knowledge on Agaricus bisporus.
{Author Address}: INRA, UR1264, MycSA, 33883, Villenave d'Ornon, France. largeteau@bordeaux.inra.fr
{Language}: eng

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Sanchez, C.
{Year}: 2010
{Title}: Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus and other edible mushrooms
{URL}: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=19956947&query_hl=1
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol
{Volume}: 85
{Issue}: 5
{Pages}: 1321-37
{DOI}: 10.1007/s00253-009-2343-7
{Date Displayed}: 2010 Feb
{Date}: 2010-02-01
{Type of Work}: Journal Article; Review
{Accession Number}: 19956947
{Keywords}: Agaricales/chemistry/*growth & development/metabolism; Agaricus/chemistry/growth & development/metabolism; Agriculture; Biodegradation, Environmental; Biotechnology; Culture Media; Food-Processing Industry; Fruiting Bodies, Fungal/*growth & development/metabolism; Fungal Proteins/analysis; Industrial Waste; Lignin/metabolism; Mycology/methods; Pleurotus/chemistry/*growth & development/metabolism; Trees
{Abstract}: Pleurotus ostreatus is the second most cultivated edible mushroom worldwide after Agaricus bisporus. It has economic and ecological values and medicinal properties. Mushroom culture has moved toward diversification with the production of other mushrooms. Edible mushrooms are able to colonize and degrade a large variety of lignocellulosic substrates and other wastes which are produced primarily through the activities of the agricultural, forest, and food-processing industries. Particularly, P. ostreatus requires a shorter growth time in comparison to other edible mushrooms. The substrate used for their cultivation does not require sterilization, only pasteurization, which is less expensive. Growing oyster mushrooms convert a high percentage of the substrate to fruiting bodies, increasing profitability. P. ostreatus demands few environmental controls, and their fruiting bodies are not often attacked by diseases and pests, and they can be cultivated in a simple and cheap way. All this makes P. ostreatus cultivation an excellent alternative for production of mushrooms when compared to other mushrooms.
{Author Address}: Laboratory of Biotechnology, Research Centre for Biological Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Tlax CP 90000, Mexico. sanher6@hotmail.com
{Language}: eng