{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Panjikkaran, Seeja Thomachan; Mathew, Deepu
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: An environmentally friendly and cost effective technique for the commercial cultivation of oyster mushroom [Pleurotus florida (Mont.) Singer]
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
{Volume}: 93
{Issue}: 4
{Pages}: 973-976
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0022-5142
{Keywords}: agricultural pollution; environmentally friendly cultivation; mushroom; reusable plastic; waste disposal
{Abstract}: BACKGROUND: The existing protocol for the cultivation of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) in polyethylene bags leads to environmental pollution amounting to 18 g of polyethylene per 450 g of mushroom, which is the average biological efficiency achieved from a bag. Thus the projected annual global pollution amounts to 2 million tones, corresponding to the production of 48 million tones. Experiments were conducted at Kerala Agricultural University, India, to formulate an oyster mushroom cultivation strategy that reduces this pollution level. RESULTS: Pooled results of experiments at the institute's and farmers' units have shown that reusable plastic buckets having perforations of 1.5 cm x 1.0 cm throughout the side walls could be used to substitute polyethylene bags, while following the standard cultivation protocols. Cultivation in perforated buckets has recorded a biological efficiency of 435.69 +/- 56.75 g in 47.07 +/- 5.22 days against 459.11 +/- 53.52 g in 38.05 +/- 4.54 days in polyethylene bags. The rate of contamination in buckets was significantly lower than that in bags: 9.28 +/- 2.12 and 12.60 +/- 3.73% respectively. CONCLUSION: Reusable plastic buckets with perforations on the side walls could be used to substitute the conventional polyethylene bags in oyster mushroom cultivation, with no significant difference in yield. Losses due to slight increase in crop duration in buckets will be compensated with a lower rate of contamination. For a unit having a daily output of 100 kg, it was estimated that during 10 years of permanent cultivation following this technique, the cost of cultivation could be reduced to one-tenth and the environmental pollution reduced by at least 730 000 non-degradable polyethylene bags. (c) 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
{Author Address}: Kerala Agr Univ, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tavanur 679573, Kerala, India; Kerala Agr Univ, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tavanur 679573, Kerala, India
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: India

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Patra, Sukesh; Patra, Pradip; Maity, Kankan K.; Mandal, Soumitra; Bhunia, Sanjay K.; Dey, Biswajit; Devi, K. Sanjana P.; Khatua, Somanjana; Acharya, Krishnendu; Maiti, Tapas K.; Islam, Syed S.
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: A heteroglycan from the mycelia of Pleurotus ostreatus: structure determination and study of antioxidant properties
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH
{Volume}: 368
{Pages}: 16-21
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0008-6215
{Keywords}: OYSTER MUSHROOM; ANTITUMOR POLYSACCHARIDES; EDIBLE MUSHROOM; ANTI-GLYCATION; EXTRACT; CULTIVATION; FUNGI; RATS; RIND; Pleurotus ostreatus; Mycelia; Heteroglycan; Structure; NMR studies; Antioxidant properties
{Abstract}: A heteroglycan (PS) isolated from the mycelia of Pleurotus ostreatus was found to consist of L-fucose, D-mannose, and D-glucose in a molar ratio of nearly 1:2:3. On the basis of acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, and NMR studies (H-1, C-13, TOCSY, DQF-COSY, NOESY, ROESY, HSQC, HMBC, and DEPT), the structure of the repeating unit of the PS was determined. The repeating unit had a branched backbone composed of (1 -> 6)-linked alpha and beta D-glucose and (1 -> 2)-linked alpha-L-fucose. Branching occurred at C-4 position of (1 -> 6)-linked alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residue with terminal beta-D-mannose and C-3 position of (1 -> 6)-linked beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue with (1 -> 6)-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl moiety terminated by alpha-D-glucose. The structure of the repeating unit of the PS was proposed as:
[GRAPHICS]
The antioxidant properties of the PS were studied. The scavenging activity of hydroxyl free radicals whose EC50 value of PS at 943 mu g/mL was determined. Further, EC50 value of the PS at 53 mu g/mL was observed for scavenging activity of superoxide free radicals. Chelating effects (54.82%) of ferrous ions were observed at 1 mg/mL of the PS. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
{Author Address}: Vidyasagar Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Technol, Midnapore 721102, W Bengal, India; Vidyasagar Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Technol, Midnapore 721102, W Bengal, India; Vidyasagar Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Technol, Midnapore 721102, W Bengal, India; Vidyasagar Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Technol, Midnapore 721102, W Bengal, India; Vidyasagar Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Technol, Midnapore 721102, W Bengal, India; Vidyasagar Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Technol, Midnapore 721102, W Bengal, India; Indian Inst Technol, Dept Biotechnol, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India; Univ Calcutta, Dept Bot, Mol & Appl Mycol & Plant Pathol Lab, Calcutta 700019, W Bengal, India; Univ Calcutta, Dept Bot, Mol & Appl Mycol & Plant Pathol Lab, Calcutta 700019, W Bengal, India; Indian Inst Technol, Dept Biotechnol, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India; Vidyasagar Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Technol, Midnapore 721102, W Bengal, India
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: India; India; India

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Chen, Hua-Bing; Chen, Chih-I; Chen, Mei-Jheng; Lin, Chia-Chi; Kan, Shu-Chen; Zang, Chi-Zong; Yeh, Chiung-Wen; Shieh, Chwen-Jen; Liu, Yung-Chuan
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: The use of mushroom hydrolysate from waste bag-log as the nitrogen source to mycelium biomass and exopolysaccharide production in Pleurotus eryngii cultivation
{URL}: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876107012001769
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers
{Volume}: 44
{Issue}: 2
{Pages}: 163-168
{Date Displayed}: 2013/3//
{Alternate Title}: Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers
{ISBN/ISSN}: 1876-1070
{Keywords}: Pleurotus eryngii; Mushroom hydrolysate; Waste treatment; Fermentation; Submerged culture; Microbial growth
{Abstract}: In this study, Pleurotus eryngii head part waste in a bag-log was collected and processed to yield mushroom hydrolysate powder (MHP). To test its stimulatory effect, a P. eryngii submerged culture was conducted. The prepared MHP (1.6%) and glucose (2%) were found to be the best sources for both mycelial biomass and EPS productions. A specific growth rate of 0.68 day−1, and a specific EPS yield of 9.55 g/g-dry-cell-weight were obtained under these conditions. It was also found that MHP gave higher mycelial biomass growth rate (2.05 g/L/day), and EPS yield (92 mg/L) than those of yeast extract. In 5-L fermentation with MHP as nitrogen source, high mycelial biomass growth rate (2.44 g/L/day) and EPS yield (312 mg/L) were obtained. In the solid state culture, P. eryngii hyphae growth rate in MHP agar (6.43 ± 0.21 mm/day) was better than that in PDA (4.57 ± 0.23 mm/day). By using PCA and cluster analysis, the major amino acids of MHP displayed a close similarity to those of P. eryngii mycelial hydrolysate powder (PEMHP).