{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Xie, Chun-yan; Gu, Zhen-xin; Fan, Gong-jian; Gu, Fei-rong; Han, Yong-bin; Chen, Zhi-gang
{Year}: 2009
{Title}: Production of Cordycepin and Mycelia by Submerged Fermentation of Cordyceps militaris in Mixture Natural Culture
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
{Volume}: 158
{Issue}: 2
{Pages}: 483-492
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0273-2289
{Keywords}: OPTIMIZATION; SINENSIS; DESIGN; CULTIVATION; ADENOSINE; FUNGI; CELLS; Cordyceps militaris; Submerged cultivation; Medium; D-optimal mixture design
{Abstract}: The submerged fermentation of Cordyceps militaris for cordycepin production and mycelial growth was investigated in this study. Three natural materials of brown rice paste (BRP), beerwort (B), and soybean meal juice (SMJ) were used for fermentation of C. militaris in shaking flasks. The effects of the ratio of three natural materials on dry mycelium weight (DMW) and on cordycepin yield (CY) were analyzed. D-Optional mixture design was used to optimize the ratio of these materials. Compared with the signal culture, the higher mycelial growth and cordycepin production were obtained in mixture. The analysis of Design Expert 6.0 indicated that BRP, B, and SMJ very significantly influenced (P < 0.001) DMW and CY of C. militaris, respectively. The highest DMW (18.96 g/l) and CY (2.17 mg/g) were both obtained at a ratio of 53:6:42. The experiments' results indicated that the above mixture of these natural materials by D-optional mixture design can be used as a proper medium for the growth of mycelium and the production of cordycepin.
{Author Address}: Nanjing Agr Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, Peoples R China; Nanjing Agr Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, Peoples R China; Nanjing Agr Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, Peoples R China; Nanjing Agr Univ, Dept Foreign Languages, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, Peoples R China; Nanjing Agr Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, Peoples R China; Nanjing Agr Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: Peoples R China; Peoples R China

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Rani, P.; Kalyani, N.; Prathiba, K.
{Year}: 2008
{Title}: Evaluation of Lignocellulosic Wastes for Production of Edible Mushrooms
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
{Volume}: 151
{Issue}: 2-3
{Pages}: 151-159
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0273-2289
{Keywords}: BIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY; OYSTER MUSHROOM; PLEUROTUS; CULTIVATION; BIOCONVERSION; DEGRADATION; STRAW; FUNGI; Agricultural waste recycling; Edible mushrooms; Lentinus connotus; Pleurotus eous; Biological efficiency; Lignocellulolytic activity
{Abstract}: The degradation of lignocellulosic wastes such as paddy straw, sorghum stalk, and banana pseudostem was investigated during solid-state fermentation by edible mushrooms Pleurotus eous and Lentinus connotus. Biological efficiency of 55-65% was observed in paddy straw followed by sorghum stalk (45%) and banana pseudostem (33%) for both fungal species. The activity of extracellular enzymes, namely cellulase, polyphenol oxidase, and laccase, together with the content of cellulose, lignin, and phenols, was studied in spent substrates on seventh, 17th, and 27th days of spawning, and these values were used as indicators of the extent of lignocellulosic degradation by mushroom. Both the mushroom species proved to be efficient degraders of lignocellulosic biomass of paddy straw and sorghum stalk, and the extent of cellulose degradation was 63-72% of dry weight (d.w.), and lignin degradation was 23-30% of the d. w. In banana pseudostem, the extent of the degradation was observed to be only 15-22% of the d.w. for both lignin and cellulose. Preferential removal of cellulose during initial growth period and delayed degradation of lignin were observed in all three substrates. This is associated with decrease in activity of cellulase and polyphenol oxidase and increase in laccase activity with spawn aging in spent substrates. Thus, bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass by P. eous and L. connotus offers a promising way to convert low-quality biomass into an improved human food.
{Author Address}: PSG Coll Technol, Dept Biotechnol, Coimbatore 641004, Tamil Nadu, India; PSG Coll Technol, Dept Biotechnol, Coimbatore 641004, Tamil Nadu, India; PSG Coll Technol, Dept Biotechnol, Coimbatore 641004, Tamil Nadu, India
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: India

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Wolff, E. R. S.; Wisbeck, E.; Silveira, M. L. L.; Gern, R. M. M.; Pinho, M. S. L.; Furlan, S. A.
{Year}: 2008
{Title}: Antimicrobial and Antineoplasic Activity of Pleurotus ostreatus
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
{Volume}: 151
{Issue}: 2-3
{Pages}: 402-412
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0273-2289
{Keywords}: GANODERMA-LUCIDUM; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; CHINESE MUSHROOM; EHRLICH TUMOR; ASCITIC FORM; POLYSACCHARIDES; FERMENTATION; CULTIVATION; WASTES; ASTERACEAE; Pleurotus ostreatus; Antimicrobial activity; Antineoplasic activity; Solid cultivation; Submerged cultivation; Extraction processes
{Abstract}: The objectives of this work were to evaluate the antimicrobial and antineoplasic activity of Pleurotus ostreatus DSM 1833. To study the antimicrobial activity, the following extracts were prepared: water infusion of the fresh fruiting bodies (B1), dehydrated fruiting bodies (B2), fresh mycelium (M1), and dehydrated mycelium (M2). Polysaccharides from the fresh mycelium were also obtained by water infusion followed by ethanol treatment (EP). The extracts were tested against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis. To investigate the antineoplasic effect of P. ostreatus, the culture broth in natura, the extract from the culture broth (ECB), and the extract from the fruiting bodies were tested in female Swiss albino mice inoculated with the Ehrlich ascitic tumor (EAT). B1, B2, and M1 showed more than 50.0% inhibition against C. albicans. M2 presented a high degree of inhibition against E. coli (87.5%) and B. subtilis (57.5%), while EP was not effective. All the tested substances inhibited the development of EAT at levels near 70% when injected intraperitoneally in mice. The highest tumor inhibition (76%) was achieved for the treatment with ECB. The intragastric treatment did not promote any reduction in tumor cell development, independent of the test substance.
{Author Address}: Univ Reg Joinville UNIVILLE, BR-89223251 Joinville, SC, Brazil; Univ Reg Joinville UNIVILLE, BR-89223251 Joinville, SC, Brazil; Univ Reg Joinville UNIVILLE, BR-89223251 Joinville, SC, Brazil; Univ Reg Joinville UNIVILLE, BR-89223251 Joinville, SC, Brazil; Univ Reg Joinville UNIVILLE, BR-89223251 Joinville, SC, Brazil; Univ Reg Joinville UNIVILLE, BR-89223251 Joinville, SC, Brazil
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: Brazil

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Kozhemyakina, N. V.; Ananyeva, E. P.; Gurina, S. V.; Galynkin, V. A.
{Year}: 2010
{Title}: Conditions of cultivation, composition, and biological activity of mycelium of Flammulina velutipes (Fr.) P. Karst - Springer
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology
{Volume}: Volume 46
{Issue}: Issue 5
{Pages}: pp 536-539
{DOI}: 10.1134/S0003683810050121
{Date}: 2010-09-01
{Abstract}: A study is made on a strain of higher basydiomycete <em class="a-plus-plus">Flammulia velutipes</em> (Fr.) P. Karst. The conditions of maximum biomass production by <em class="a-plus-plus">Flammulia velutipes</em> were studied. Soluble and insoluble fractions were isolated from mycelium. The composition of cultured mycelium and aqueous extracts from mycelium were investigated. These objects mainly contained carbohydrates (65.3 and 84.0% in insoluble and soluble fractions, respectively, and 56% mycelium), proteins (7.5–10.0% in fractions and 17.5% in mycelium), as well as an insignificant amount of mineral substances. The main carbohydrate component of fractions was glucose (53.6–78.8%); galactose and mannose were also present, as well as fucose and xylose in insignificant amounts. The aqueous extracts from mycelium demonstrated immunomodulating activity. They rendered a stimulating effect on the functional activity of macrophages—central cells of the reticluoendothelial system. The soluble fraction had a more pronounced effect than the insoluble fraction.
{Subject}: Medical Microbiology;Microbiology;Biochemistry, general