{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Hiyama, Ryo; Gisusi, Seiki; Harada, Akira
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Effect of increased harvests on saccharification ratio of waste mushroom medium from the cultivation of shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes)
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: JOURNAL OF WOOD SCIENCE
{Volume}: 59
{Issue}: 1
{Pages}: 88-93
{ISBN/ISSN}: 1435-0211
{Keywords}: ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; EDIBLE MUSHROOM; ETHANOL; Waste mushroom medium; Lentinula edodes; Number of harvest times; Bioethanol; Enzymatic saccharification
{Abstract}: Waste mushroom medium (WM) was saccharized with cellulase to obtain glucose after shiitake fruiting bodies were harvested 3 and 5 times (WM-3 and WM-5, respectively). Glucose can be used as a feedstock for the production of bioethanol or other bioproducts. WM-3 and WM-5 were analyzed for the amounts of shiitake fruiting bodies harvested and chemical components. The fresh weight ratio of shiitake fruiting bodies from the 4th and 5th harvests relative to the total fresh weight of shiitake fruiting bodies until the 5th harvest was 4.1 %. The additional 2 harvests decreased WM dry weight to 78.0 % and slightly decreased acid-insoluble lignin and xylan contents from 11.9 and 12.0 % to 10.0 and 9.6 %, respectively. The additional 2 harvests did not decrease glucan content. WM-5 included 31.6 % of glucan relative to dry weight, and 54.5 % of the glucan was saccharized to glucose with Meicelase (5 FPU/g substrate) at 40 A degrees C for 48 h without pretreatment. The saccharification ratio of WM-3 was 45.0 % under the same saccharification condition. The amounts of saccharized glucose in WM-3 and WM-5 were 155.1 +/- A 9.8 mg/g substrate and 191.3 +/- A 9.2 mg/g substrate, respectively.
{Author Address}: Hokkaido Res Org, Forest Prod Res Inst, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan; Hokkaido Res Org, Forest Prod Res Inst, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan; Hokkaido Res Org, Forest Prod Res Inst, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: Japan

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Marofi, S.; Parsafar, N.; Rahim, G. H.; Dashti, F.; Marofi, H.
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: The effects of wastewater reuse on potato growth properties under greenhouse lysimeteric condition
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
{Volume}: 10
{Issue}: 1
{Pages}: 133-140
{ISBN/ISSN}: 1735-1472
{Keywords}: MUNICIPAL EFFLUENT; HEAVY-METALS; SOIL; IRRIGATION; Lysimetric cultivation; Heavy metal; Potato yield; Wastewaters reuse
{Abstract}: In this study, raw and treated wastewaters were reused for potato cultivation in order to verify the effect of wastewater on crop yield, crop's heavy metals' concentration as well as some major traits of potato. To this regard, a completely randomized test was designed with five water treatments and three replications. The watering were as follows: raw wastewater (T-1), treated wastewater (T-2), a combination of 50 % raw wastewater and 50 % fresh water (T-3), a combination of 50 % treated wastewater and 50 % fresh water (T-4), and fresh water (T-5). The experiments were run during October 2009-June 2010 in the greenhouse of Bu-Ali Sina University. The results show that the effects of treatments were significant on the length and number of stems per plant (p < 0.05). The number of nodes and weight of tubers, crop yield and heavy metal (cadmium, nickel and lead) concentration in shoots and tubers were also significant (p < 0.01). The results indicated that the highest length of stem (55.44 cm) was obtained in T-2 which had no significant differences from that of T-1. The maximum and minimum tuber weights and crop yield were obtained in T-1 and T-5, respectively. Based on crop yield rate, the watering ranked as follows: T-1 > T-3 > T-2 > T-4 > T-5. The maximum and minimum heavy metal values were observed in T-1 and T-5, respectively. Based on the cadmium, nickel and lead accumulations in shoots and tubers (except cadmium in shoots), the watering treatments ranked as: T-1 > T-3 > T-2 > T-4 > T-5.
{Author Address}: Bu Ali Sina Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Irrigat & Drainage Engn, Hamadan 6517833131, Iran; Bu Ali Sina Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Irrigat & Drainage Engn, Hamadan 6517833131, Iran; Bu Ali Sina Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Soil Sci, Hamadan 6517833131, Iran; Bu Ali Sina Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Hort, Hamadan 6517833131, Iran; Bu Ali Sina Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Irrigat & Drainage Engn, Hamadan 6517833131, Iran
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: Iran; Iran; Iran

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Lombardo, Sara; Lo Monaco, Antonino; Pandino, Gaetano; Parisi, Bruno; Mauromicale, Giovanni
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: The phenology, yield and tuber composition of 'early' crop potatoes: A comparison between organic and conventional cultivation systems
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS
{Volume}: 28
{Issue}: 1
{Pages}: 50-58
{ISBN/ISSN}: 1742-1705
{Keywords}: LATE BLIGHT; HORTICULTURAL CROPS; ASCORBIC-ACID; NITROGEN; QUALITY; FOODS; NITRATE; AGRICULTURE; FERTILIZERS; TOMATOES; 'early' crop potato; cultivation system; organic; conventional; cultivar; season
{Abstract}: Potato production in several Mediterranean countries is focused on the 'early' crop type, and is generally associated with intensive applications of farming inputs. Here we report, for the first time, a comparison of crop performance between organic and conventional cultivation systems. Three cultivars were tested over two seasons (2007 and 2008) to record their phenology, yield and tuber chemical composition. The organic cultivation system was less productive than the conventional one across both years with respect to total yield, but in the season (2008) when late blight infection was not severe the difference was narrowed from 7% (Ditta) to 20% (MN 2-1577 S1). The Italian breeding clones (MN 1404 O5 and MN 2-1577 S1) deserve specific consideration due to their higher total yield and nutritional value (in terms of total protein and vitamin C content) under organic cultivation system than the cultivar Ditta. In addition, the organic farming produced tubers with a lower nitrate content, an important benefit in the context of human health. In conclusion, our results indicate that organic cultivation of 'early' potatoes can deliver acceptable agronomic and qualitative performances. However, the response of the 'early' crop potato to organic farming depends upon both seasonal conditions and cultivar choice. In particular, the selection of appropriate cultivars is one of the key aspects to optimize this environmentally friendly production system.
{Author Address}: Univ Catania, Dipartimento Sci Prod Agr & Alimentari, I-95123 Catania, Italy; Univ Catania, Dipartimento Sci Prod Agr & Alimentari, I-95123 Catania, Italy; Univ Catania, Dipartimento Sci Prod Agr & Alimentari, I-95123 Catania, Italy; Consiglio Ric & Sperimentaz Agr, Ctr Ric Colture Ind, I-40129 Bologna, Italy; Univ Catania, Dipartimento Sci Prod Agr & Alimentari, I-95123 Catania, Italy
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: Italy; Italy