{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Henkel, Terry W.; Smith, Matthew E.; Aime, M. Catherine
{Year}: 2010
{Title}: GUYANAGASTER, A NEW WOOD-DECAYING SEQUESTRATE FUNGAL GENUS RELATED TO ARMILLARIA (PHYSALACRIACEAE, AGARICALES, BASIDIOMYCOTA)
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{Star}: 0
{Journal}: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY
{Volume}: 97
{Issue}: 9
{Pages}: 1474-1484
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0002-9122
{Keywords}: MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; SEQUENCES; EVOLUTION; DIVERSIFICATION; RUSSULACEAE; MUSHROOMS; INFERENCE; BOLETALES; TRUFFLE; PRIMERS; Agaricomycetes; basidiomycetes; fungal taxonomy; gasteromycete syndrome; Guyana; neotropics; rDNA systematics; sequestrate fungi; statismosporic fungi
{Abstract}: Premise of the study : Sequestrate basidiomycete fungi (e. g. "gasteromycetes") have foregone ballistospory and evolved alternative, often elaborate mechanisms of basidiospore dispersal with highly altered basidioma morphology. Sequestrate fungi have independently evolved in numerous Agaricomycete lineages, confounding taxonomic arrangements of these fungi for decades. Understanding the multiple origins and taxonomic affinities of sequestrate fungi provides insight into the evolutionary forces that can drastically alter basidioma morphology. In the neotropical rainforests of the Guiana Shield, we encountered a remarkable sequestrate fungus fruiting directly on decaying hardwood roots. The fungus 'singular combination of traits include a wood-decaying habit; black, verrucose peridium; reduced stipe; and gelatinized basidiospore mass.
Methods : Guyanagaster necrorhiza gen. et sp. nov. is described. Macro-and micromorphological characters were assessed and compared to most similar taxa. To determine the phylogenetic affinities of the fungus, DNA sequence data were obtained for the 18S, ITS, and 28S rDNA, RBP2, and EF1 alpha regions and subjected to single-and multi-gene analyses. DNA sequences from fungal vegetative organs growing on decaying woody roots confirmed the wood-inhabiting lifestyle of Guyanagaster.
Key results : Guyanagaster is morphologically unique among sequestrate fungi worldwide. Phylogenetic evidence places Guyanagaster in close relation to the wood-decaying mushroom genus Armillaria in the Physalacriaceae (Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota).
Conclusions : Guyanagaster represents an independently evolved sequestrate form within the Physalacriaceae. Although molecular data confirm that Guyanagaster is closely related to Armillaria, the unusual features of this fungus suggest a case of radically divergent morphological evolution.
{Author Address}: Humboldt State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA; Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA; Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: USA; USA; USA

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Zhang, Guowei; Zeng, Xing; Li, Caixia; Li, Jijun; Huang, Yu; Han, Ling; Wei, Jian-An; Huang, Haiding
{Year}: 2011
{Title}: Inhibition of Urinary Bladder Carcinogenesis by Aqueous Extract of Sclerotia of Polyporus umbellatus Fries and Polyporus Polysaccharide
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{Star}: 0
{Journal}: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE
{Volume}: 39
{Issue}: 1
{Pages}: 135-144
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0192-415X
{Keywords}: CANCER; N-BUTYL-N-(4-HYDROXYBUTYL)NITROSAMINE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MICE; Sclerotia of Polyporus umbellatus Fries; Polyporus Polysaccharide; Bladder Carcinogenesis; Glutathione S-Transferase pi; NAD(P)H; Quinone Oxidoreductase 1
{Abstract}: The study aimed to evaluate inhibition effect of sclerotia of Polyporus umbellatus Fries aqueous extract (SPUE) and polyporus polysaccharide (PPS) on bladder cancer, then to measure their effect on mRNA expression of glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTPi) and NAD (P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) in female Fischer-344 rats model. The model rats were induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN) for a period of 8 weeks and saccharin for 12 weeks. SPUE (50 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg) and PPS (28 mg/kg) were orally administrated to the model rats during the whole study. Compared to the control group, a more preventive effect of SPUE and PPS treatment on bladder cancer was discovered, higher mRNA upregulation of GSTpi and NQO1 was seen in the treatment group. Furthermore, the GSTPi and NQO1 mRNA upregulated level in the low-dose group (SPUE 50 mg/kg) was at maximum. In brief, SPUE and PPS are highly effective in inhibiting bladder carcinogenesis in rats, which may be associated with upregulation of GSTPi and NQO1 in the bladder.
{Author Address}: Hebei Univ Baoding, Coll Chinese Med, Baoding 071002, Hebei Province, Peoples R China; Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Guangdong Prov Hosp Tradit Chinese Med, Guangdong Prov Acad Chinese Med Sci, Ctr Lab,Univ Town Branch Hosp, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, Peoples R China; Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Coll Basic Med Sci, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, Peoples R China; Shandong Univ, Prov Hosp, Dept Integrated Chinese & Western Med, Jinan 250012, Shandong, Peoples R China
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: Peoples R China; Peoples R China; Peoples R China; Peoples R China

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Zhou, Xiaoxia; Luo, Liping; Dressel, Waike; Shadier, Gulibahaer; Krumbiegel, Doreen; Schmidtke, Peter; Zepp, Fred; Meyer, Claudius U.
{Year}: 2008
{Title}: Cordycepin is an Immunoregulatory Active Ingredient of Cordyceps sinensis
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{Star}: 0
{Journal}: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE
{Volume}: 36
{Issue}: 5
{Pages}: 967-980
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0192-415X
{Keywords}: HUMAN DENDRITIC CELLS; SCIENTIFIC REDISCOVERY; GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VIVO; IL-10; DIFFERENTIATION; INHIBITION; MACROPHAGES; RECEPTORS; INDUCTION; Cordycepin; Cordyceps sinensis; Cytokines; Immune Regulation
{Abstract}: We have reported that cordycepin, an adenosine derivative from the fungus Cordyceps, increased interleukin (IL)-10 expression, decreased IL-2 expression and suppressed T lymphocyte activity. In the present study, we further characterized the regulatory effects of cordycepin on human immune cells. Moreover. a traditional Chinese drug, Cordyceps sinensis (CS) that contains cordycepin, was also investigated. Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) was used to determine the concentrations of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in Culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The results showed that both cordycepin and CS Lip-regulated IL-10, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha; at the same time. they suppressed phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IFN-gamma and IL-12. As compared to cordycepin, CS displayed its regulatory effects on IL-2 and IL-10 in a similar dose-dependent manner even with higher efficiency. The binding activity of transcription factors in a human monocytic cell line THP-1 was tested by the trans-AM method, and a higher binding activity of SP1 and SP3 was observed in cordycepin or CS treated cells compared to the control. These results led to the opinion that cordycepin and CS pleiotropically affected the actions of immune cells and cytokine network in a similar fashion. Cordycepin could be an important immunoregulatory active ingredient in Cordyceps sinensis. In addition, CS may contain substances which possess synergism with cordycepin, as CS showed a higher efficiency in the production of IL-10 and IL-2 than cordycepin. However, merits of these effects in pharmacology and clinical medicine have yet to be proven and the precise mechanism of these immune regulatory actions should be researched.
{Author Address}: Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Childrens Hosp, Lab Paediat Immunol & Infect Dis, D-6500 Mainz, Germany; Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Childrens Hosp, Lab Paediat Immunol & Infect Dis, D-6500 Mainz, Germany; Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Childrens Hosp, Lab Paediat Immunol & Infect Dis, D-6500 Mainz, Germany; Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Childrens Hosp, Lab Paediat Immunol & Infect Dis, D-6500 Mainz, Germany; Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Childrens Hosp, Lab Paediat Immunol & Infect Dis, D-6500 Mainz, Germany; Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Childrens Hosp, Lab Paediat Immunol & Infect Dis, D-6500 Mainz, Germany; Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Childrens Hosp, Lab Paediat Immunol & Infect Dis, D-6500 Mainz, Germany; Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Childrens Hosp, Lab Paediat Immunol & Infect Dis, D-6500 Mainz, Germany
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: Germany

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Chang, Ying; Jeng, Kee-Ching; Huang, Kuei-Fen; Lee, Ying-Chung; Hou, Chien-Wei; Chen, Kuan-Hao; Cheng, Fu-Yen; Liao, Jiunn-Wang; Chen, Yuh-Shuen
{Year}: 2008
{Title}: Effect of Cordyceps Militaris Supplementation on Sperm Production, Sperm Motility and Hormones in Sprague-Dawley Rats
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{Star}: 0
{Journal}: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE
{Volume}: 36
{Issue}: 5
{Pages}: 849-859
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0192-415X
{Keywords}: SINENSIS MYCELIUM; SEMEN QUALITY; DIETARY SELENIUM; VITAMIN-E; IN-VITRO; MOUSE; CELLS; SPERMATOGENESIS; PERFORMANCE; MECHANISM; Cordyceps militaris; Sperm Production; Sperm Motility; Sex Hormones
{Abstract}: Cordyceps species have been traditionally used its for the enhancement of sexual function. but its direct evidence is lacking. We investigated the spermatogenic effect of Cordyceps militaris (CM) as supplementation with CM mycelium to 7-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Ninety rats (30 for each group) were selected to regular diet or diet Supplemented with CM mycelium (1% and 5%) For 6 weeks. Epididymal sperm were collected from 6 animals per group Lit each interval of observation. They were allowed to recover for one week. The quality and quantity of sperm were compared in these rats. The CM Supplementation resulted in an increase of serum cordycepin concentration (n = 6. each group) that correlated with treatment time and the cordycepin level was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in 5% group as compared to 1% group at the 5th and 6th week. Epididymal sperm count was enhanced significantly from the control. at the 5th week and peaked at the 6th week in both groups supplemented with CM (each time point, n = 6; p < 0.05) and maintained for 2 weeks after stopping the treatment. Increased serum testosterone and estradiol-17 (E2) concentrations were found in rats with the CM supplementation (p < 0.05), but not other hormones such as follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) or prolactin. Importantly, percentages of motile sperm cells were also enhanced significantly (p < 0.05) paralleled the serum testosterone pattern from the supplement groups as compared to the control group. Taken together, these results indicate that supplementation with CM improves sperm quality and quantity in rats.
{Author Address}: Jenteh Jr Coll Med & Nursing Managemet, Miaoli, Taiwan; Taichung Vet Gen Hosp, Taichung, Taiwan; Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Inst Med Technol, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; Jenteh Jr Coll Med & Nursing Managemet, Miaoli, Taiwan; Jenteh Jr Coll Med & Nursing Managemet, Miaoli, Taiwan; Jenteh Jr Coll Med & Nursing Managemet, Miaoli, Taiwan; Jenteh Jr Coll Med & Nursing Managemet, Miaoli, Taiwan; I Shou Univ, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Grad Inst Vet Pathobiol, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; HungKuang Univ, Dept Food Nutr, Taichung 433, Taiwan
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: Taiwan; Taiwan; Taiwan; Taiwan; Taiwan; Taiwan