{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Hannula, S. E.; de Boer, W.; Baldrian, P.; van Veen, J. A.
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Effect of genetic modification of potato starch on decomposition of leaves and tubers and on fungal decomposer communities
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Place Published}: Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1GB, United Kingdom
{Journal}: Soil Biology and Biochemistry
{Volume}: 58
{Pages}: 88-98
{Date Displayed}: 2013
{ISBN/ISSN}: 00380717
{Original Publication}: Elsevier Ltd
{Keywords}: Plants (botany); Cultivation; Genetic engineering; Histology; Manganese; Starch; Tissue; Tubes (components); Yeast
{Abstract}: As part of a risk evaluation of growing genetically modified crops, we investigated the effects of a genetic modification of starch quality (increased level of amylopectin) in potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) on the decomposition of tissues (tubers and leaves) as well as on the associated fungal functional and phylogenetic diversity. The weight loss of both leaves and tubers in litterbags was analysed after 1, 3 and 6 months of incubation in soils and combined with measurements of fungal extracellular enzyme activities (laccases, Mn-peroxidases and cellulases) as well as molecular analyses of the fungal community (ITS regions and cellobiohydrolase I (cbhI) genes). The study revealed that initial (after one month) decomposition of both tubers and leaves of the parental isoline was significantly faster than that of the genetically modified (GM)-variety. This coincided with differences in fungal community composition. After this initial difference, no significant differences in any of the parameters measured could be detected after 3 and 6 months of decomposition illustrating the transient nature of the initial difference between the cultivars. Thus, it can be concluded that the starch modified tubers are not harmful to the fungal decomposer community and that despite initial differences in decomposition, the final decomposition rate of tissues from the GM-variety was similar to that of tissues from the parental variety. Furthermore, interesting dynamics of fungal phyla and species during decomposition were observed; the basidiomycetal yeasts and ascomycetes were primary colonizers of the potato tissue while basidiomycetes were dominant in the more decomposed and lignin-rich litter.   2012 Elsevier Ltd.
{Notes}: Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
20125115815949
Ascomycetes
Basidiomycetes
CbhI
Fungal diversity
GM-plants
Litter decay
{Author Address}: Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Maity, Kankan K.; Patra, Sukesh; Dey, Biswajit; Bhunia, Sanjoy K.; Mandal, Soumitra; Bahera, Birendra; Maiti, Tapas K.; Sikdar, Samir R.; Islam, Syed S.
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: A β-glucan from the alkaline extract of a somatic hybrid (PfloVv5FB) of Pleurotus florida and Volvariella volvacea: structural characterization and study of immunoactivation
{URL}: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000862151300030X
{Tag}: 5
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Carbohydrate Research
{Volume}: 370
{Issue}: 0
{Pages}: 13-18
{Date Displayed}: 2013/4/5/
{Alternate Title}: Carbohydrate Research
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0008-6215
{Keywords}: Somatic hybrid mushroom (PfloVv5FB); Polysaccharide; Structure; NMR spectroscopy; Immunoactivation
{Abstract}: A water soluble polysaccharide isolated from the alkaline extract of the somatic hybrid mushroom (PfloVv5FB), obtained through protoplast fusion between Pleurotus florida and Volvariella volvacea strains was found to contain d-glucose only. Structural investigation was carried out using acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis; periodate oxidation, and NMR studies (1H, 13C, DEPT-135, TOCSY, DQF-COSY, NOESY, ROESY, HSQC, and HMBC). On the basis of the above mentioned experiments the structure of the repeating unit of the polysaccharide was established as:

This polysaccharide exhibited strong immunoactivation of macrophages, splenocytes as well as thymocytes.

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Suarez Arango, Carolina; Jeannette Nieto, Ivonne
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Biotechnological cultivation of edible macrofungi: An alternative for obtaining nutraceutics
{Tag}: 5
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: REVISTA IBEROAMERICANA DE MICOLOGIA
{Volume}: 30
{Issue}: 1
{Pages}: 1-8
{ISBN/ISSN}: 1130-1406
{Keywords}: LENTINUS-EDODES; SUBMERGED CULTURE; EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE PRODUCTION; POLYSACCHARIDE PRODUCTION; MYCELIAL GROWTH; INTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES; PLEUROTUS-MUTILIS; GRIFOLA-UMBELLATA; GANODERMA-LUCIDUM; Submerged fermentation; Edible macromycetes; Nutraceuticals; Functional food; Bioactive compounds
{Abstract}: Macromycetes have been part of the human culture for thousand years, and have been reported as food in the most important civilizations in history. Many nutraceutical properties of macromycetes have been described, such as anti-cancer, anti-tumour, cholesterol lowering, antiviral, antibacterial, or immunomodulatory, among others. Given that production of mushrooms by traditional cultivation and extraction of bioactive metabolites is very difficult in some cases, biotechnology is essential for the development of profitable and productive techniques for obtaining these metabolites. It is the development of this technology, and the ease in which it enables the use of its variables that has allowed mycelium to be cultivated in liquid medium of macrofungi, with a significant reduction in time and an increased production of metabolites. This increased production has led to the study of compounds that have medicinal, nutriceutical and quasi-farmaceutical potential, in the exhausted media and the mycelium. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the use of liquid-state fermentation as a technological tool for obtaining edible fungi, and the study of these and their metabolites, by describing the different cultivation conditions used in recent years, as well as the results obtained. The relevance of Agaricus, Flammulina, Grifola, Pleurotus and Lentinula genera, will also be discussed, with emphasis on the last one, since Shiitake has been always considered as the ultimate medicinal mushroom. (C) 2011 Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L. All rights reserved.
{Author Address}: Univ Nacl Colombia, Fac Ciencias, Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia; Univ Nacl Colombia, Dept Quim, Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: Spanish
{Country}: Colombia; Colombia

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Ruthes, Andrea C.; Rattmann, Yanna D.; Malquevicz-Paiva, Simone M.; Carbonero, Elaine R.; Cordova, Marina M.; Baggio, Cristiane H.; Santos, Adair R. S.; Gorin, Philip A. J.; Iacomini, Marcello
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Agaricus bisporus fucogalactan: Structural characterization and pharmacological approaches
{Tag}: 5
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
{Volume}: 92
{Issue}: 1
{Pages}: 184-191
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0144-8617
{Keywords}: FORMALIN TEST; 3-O-METHYLATED MANNOGALACTAN; MUSHROOMS; MICE; SEPSIS; PLEUROTUS; AGENTS; PAIN; POLYSACCHARIDES; INFLAMMATION; Edible mushroom; Agaricus bisporus; Fucogalactan; Sepsis; Anti-inflammatory; Pain
{Abstract}: The fucogalactan from Agaricus bisporus (EFP-Ab) obtained on aqueous extraction followed by purification had M-w 37.1 x 10(4) g mol(-1) relative to a (1 -> 6)-linked alpha-D-Galp main-chain partially methylated at HO-3, and partially substituted at O-2 by nonreducing end-units of alpha-L-Fucp or beta-D-Galp. EFP-Ab also inhibited significantly the neurogenic and inflammatory phases of formalin-induced licking, however, the antinociceptive effect was more pronounced against the inflammatory phase with ID50 of 36.0 (25.8-50.3) mg kg(-1). In addition, EFP-Ab decreased the lethality induced by CLP. Its administration reduced the late mortality rate by 40%, prevented neutrophil accumulation in lungs and markedly decreased iNOS and COX-2 protein expression by ileum cells. These data show for the first time that EFP-Ab has significant anti-sepsis, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions, which seems to be related to the decreased iNOS and COX-2 expression. Collectively, the present results demonstrate that EFP-Ab could constitute an attractive molecule of interest for the development of new drugs. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
{Author Address}: Univ Fed Parana, Dept Bioquim & Biol Mol, BR-81531980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Univ Fed Parana, Dept Bioquim & Biol Mol, BR-81531980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Univ Fed Parana, Dept Saude Comunitaria, BR-80060240 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Univ Fed Parana, Dept Bioquim & Biol Mol, BR-81531980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Univ Fed Goias, Dept Quim, BR-75704020 Catalao, Go, Brazil; Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Lab Neurobiol Dor & Inflamacao, Dept Ciencias Fisiol, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil; Univ Fed Parana, Dept Farmacol, BR-81531980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Lab Neurobiol Dor & Inflamacao, Dept Ciencias Fisiol, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil; Univ Fed Parana, Dept Bioquim & Biol Mol, BR-81531980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Univ Fed Parana, Dept Bioquim & Biol Mol, BR-81531980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: Brazil; Brazil; Brazil; Brazil; Brazil