{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Ma, Lishuai; Chen, Haixia; Zhu, Wenchai; Wang, Zhaoshuai
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Effect of different drying methods on physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides extracted from mushroom Inonotus obliquus
{URL}: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0963996911002924
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Food Research International
{Volume}: 50
{Issue}: 2
{Pages}: 633-640
{Date Displayed}: 2013/3//
{Alternate Title}: Food Research International
Stability of phytochemicals during processing
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0963-9969
{Keywords}: Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides; Physicochemical properties; Antioxidant activities; Drying methods
{Abstract}: Inonotus obliquus is a kind of mushroom which has long been used as a folk remedy for curing various diseases such as cancers, heart disease and diabetes in Russian and Eastern Europe. Polysaccharides are one of the main bioactive constituents of Inonotus obliquus with health functions. Three drying methods, freeze drying, hot air drying and vacuum drying methods were comparatively studied on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide (IOPS) with chemical methods: gas chromatography, size exclusion chromatography, scanning electron micrograph, 1,1′-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, ferric reducing power assay and lipid peroxidation inhibition assay, respectively. Results showed that physicochemical and antioxidant properties of IOPS differed from each other after the treatment of the three drying methods. Compared with hot air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted in the properties of IOPS with lower molecular weight distribution, a hyperbranched conformation with triple helix, higher antioxidant abilities on DPPH radical scavenging, ferric-reducing power and lipid peroxidation inhibition activity. Freeze drying was a good choice for the preparation of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus and could be used to produce antioxidants for food industry.

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Wu, Zhen; Li, Hong; Tu, Dawei; Yang, Yong; Zhan, Yong
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Extraction optimization, preliminary characterization, and in vitro antioxidant activities of crude polysaccharides from finger citron
{URL}: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926669012005936
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Industrial Crops and Products
{Volume}: 44
{Pages}: 145-151
{Date Displayed}: 2013/1//
{Alternate Title}: Industrial Crops and Products
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0926-6690
{Keywords}: Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis; Crude polysaccharide; Response surface methodology; Characterization; Antioxidant activity
{Abstract}: Finger citron (Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis) (FC) fruits, widely cultivated in the southern provinces of China, have been long used as traditional Chinese medicinal material. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of crude polysaccharides (FCPs) from FC fruits with a central composite design. Three independent variables such as extraction temperature (°C), extraction time (h), and ratio of water to raw material were investigated. The experimental data obtained were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis. The 3-D response surface plot and the contour plot derived from the mathematical models were applied to determine the optimal conditions. The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 100 °C, extraction time 1.5 h, and ratio of water to raw material 40. Under these conditions, the experimental value was 3.19 ± 0.10%, which is well in close agreement with value predicted by the model. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry spectra revealed the general characteristic absorption peaks of FCPs. Then, we demonstrated that FCPs had strong scavenging activities in vitro on DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals. Overall, FCPs may have potential applications in the medical and food industries.

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Yu, Chen-Huan; Dai, Xiao-Yan; Chen, Qin; Zang, Jia-Na; Deng, Li-Li; Liu, Yue-Huan; Ying, Hua-Zhong
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Rosae Laevigatae Fructus in rats
{URL}: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144861713000106
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Carbohydrate Polymers
{Volume}: 94
{Issue}: 1
{Pages}: 56-62
{Date Displayed}: 2013/4/15/
{Alternate Title}: Carbohydrate Polymers
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0144-8617
{Keywords}: Characterization; Hyperlipidemia; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; Lipoprotein lipase
{Abstract}: Two major fractions (RLP-1 and RLP-2) were obtained by purifying the crude polysaccharides extracted from a traditional Chinese herb Rosae Laevigatae Fructus. The average molecular weight of RLP-1 and RLP-2 was 21.5 kDa and 16.1 kDa, respectively. Monosaccharide analysis indicated that RLP-1 was composed of xylose, mannose and galactose in the molar ratio of 1:11:8, while RLP-2 was only a glucan. Oral administration of RLP-1 could significantly decrease levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), inhibit hepatic lipid accumulation, increase antioxidant lipids and up-regulate expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in hyperlipidemia rats. These results suggest that RLP-1 improve hyperlipidemia possibly through regulating PPAR-mediated lipid metabolism. Therefore, could be explored as a possible agent for hyperlipidemia.

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Passos, Cláudia P.; Coimbra, Manuel A.
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Microwave superheated water extraction of polysaccharides from spent coffee grounds
{URL}: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144861713001343
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Carbohydrate Polymers
{Volume}: 94
{Issue}: 1
{Pages}: 626-633
{Date Displayed}: 2013/4/15/
{Alternate Title}: Carbohydrate Polymers
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0144-8617
{Keywords}: Coffee residue; Microwave assisted extraction; Arabinogalactans; Galactomannans; Structural analysis
{Abstract}: The spent coffee grounds (SCG) are a food industry by-product that can be used as a rich source of polysaccharides. In the present work, the feasibility of microwave superheated water extraction of polysaccharides from SCG was studied. Different ratios of mass of SCG to water, from 1:30 to 1:5 (g:mL) were used for a total volume of 80 mL. Although the amount of material extracted/batch (MAE1) increased with the increase of the concentration of the sample, the amount of polysaccharides achieved a maximum of 0.57 g/batch for 1:10. Glycosidic-linkage composition showed that all extraction conditions allowed to obtain mainly arabinogalactans. When the unextracted insoluble material was re-extracted under the same conditions (MAE2), a further extraction of polysaccharides was observed (0.34 g/batch for 1:10), mainly galactomannans. Also, a high amount of oligosaccharides, mainly derived from galactomannans, can be obtained in MAE2 (0.96 g/batch for 1:10). This technology allows to obtain galactomannans and arabinogalactans in proportions that are dependent on the operating conditions.