{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Gao, Li Wen; Li, Wan Yi; Zhao, Yi Lu; Wang, Jian Wen
{Year}: 2009
{Title}: The cultivation, bioactive components and pharmacological effects of Armillaria mellea
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
{Volume}: 8
{Issue}: 25
{Pages}: 7383-7390
{ISBN/ISSN}: 1684-5315
{Keywords}: SESQUITERPENE ARYL ESTERS; Armillaria mellea; cultivation; chemical constituents; pharmacological effect
{Abstract}: Armillaria mellea, a symbiotic fungus in the underground tubers of Chinese medicinal orchid Gastrodia elata, is one of the main biological active components and pharmaceutical effects of its host gastrodia. The purpose of this review is to bring attention to the biological properties of this unique A. mellea mushroom and its constituents, as well as to suggest the potential for the development of new drugs related to this fungus. It contains various known and untapped bioactive metabolites such as polysaccharides, sesquiterpene aryl esters, steroids and fibrinolytic enzymes. It could be exploited as an important source of new biological natural products with anticonvulsant, immunomodulatory and antimicrobial functions. The batch culture is preferred as an alternative means of getting bioactive components from Armellaria fermentation. Challenges in investigations on A. mellea include the optimization of culture parameters, the further elucidation of the molecular pharmacological mechanism and relationship between structure and function of their secondary metabolites.
{Author Address}: Soochow Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Suzhou 215006, Peoples R China; Yunnan Acad Agr Sci, Inst Med Plants, Kunming 650223, Peoples R China; Soochow Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Suzhou 215006, Peoples R China; Soochow Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Suzhou 215006, Peoples R China
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: Peoples R China; Peoples R China

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Kirbag, Sevda; Akyuz, Mehmet
{Year}: 2008
{Title}: Evaluation of agricultural wastes for the cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii (DC. ex Fr.) Quel. var. ferulae Lanzi
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
{Volume}: 7
{Issue}: 20
{Pages}: 3657-3661
{ISBN/ISSN}: 1684-5315
{Keywords}: LIGNOCELLULOSIC WASTES; EDIBLE MUSHROOMS; SUBSTRATE; SPP.; Cultivation; Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae; agricultural wastes; yield
{Abstract}: This study investigated the possible use of local agricultural wastes for the cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae. For the propagation of the main culture, 2.0% malt-extract agar was used whereas wheat grains were used for the propagation of spawn. For the formation of basidiocarp, wheat straw (WS), cotton straw (CS), lentil straw (LS) and rice bran (RB) were used as culture media. Eight types of compost were prepared: a mixture of WS-CS, WS-CS + 10% RB, WS-CS + 20% RB, WS + 10% LS, WS + 20% LS, WS + 10% RB, WS + 20% RB and WS. The shortest mycelium growing period was determined as 9.2 days on WS-CS (1: 1) + 20.0% RB and the longest period was 13.0 days on WS + 20.0% RB. The shortest primordium formation period was 97.4 days on WS-CS (1: 1), while the longest period was 110.4 days on WS + 20.0% RB. The shortest harvest period was 117.2 days on WS-CS (1: 1) + 10.0% RB, and the longest period was 125.8 days on WS + 20% RB. The highest biological efficiency (BE) was 77.2% on WS-CS (1: 1) + 20.0% RB, while the lowest BE was 48.6% on WS-CS (1: 1). The lowest yield per 100 g of material (70% moisture) was 14.6 g on WS-CS (1: 1) and the highest yield was 23.2 g on WS-CS (1: 1) + 20.0% RB. In conclusion, various local agricultural wastes can be used for the cultivation of P. eryngii var. ferulae.
{Author Address}: Firat Univ, Fac Sci & Arts, Dept Biol, TR-23119 Elazig, Turkey; Firat Univ, Inst Sci, Dept Biol, TR-23119 Elazig, Turkey
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: Turkey; Turkey

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Akyuez, Mehmet; Yildiz, Abdunnasir
{Year}: 2008
{Title}: Evaluation of cellulosic wastes for the cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii (DC. ex Fr.) Quel
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
{Volume}: 7
{Issue}: 10
{Pages}: 1494-1499
{ISBN/ISSN}: 1684-5315
{Keywords}: LIGNOCELLULOSIC WASTES; EDIBLE MUSHROOMS; VAR.-SALIGNUS; SPP.; SUBSTRATE; cultivation; Pleurotus eryngii; Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae; cellulosic wastes; yield
{Abstract}: This study investigated the possible use of local cellulosic wastes for the cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii (DC. ex Fr.) Quel. var. ferulae Lanzi and Pleurotus eryngii (DC. ex Fr.) Quel. For the propagation of the main culture, 2.0% malt-extract agar was used whereas barley grains were used for the propagation of spawn. For the formation of basidiocarp, wheat straw (WS), soybean straw (SS) and bran of rice (RB) were used as culture media. Three types of compost were prepared: a mixture of WS-SS (1: 1), WS and SS. The three compost types were also supplemented with 5.0 and 10.0% of RB. The shortest mycelium growing period was determined as average 8 days on SS and the longest period was 17 days on WS + 10.0% RB. In addition, the shortest mycelium growing period for P. eryngii var. ferulae was determined as average 12 days on WS + 10.0% RB, while the longest period was 18 days on WS-SS (1: 1) + 5.0% RB. The shortest primordium formation period for P. eryngii was determined as 36 days on SS + 10.0% RB, while the longest period was 95 days on WS + 5.0% RB. In addition, for P. eryngii var. ferulae, there was no basidiocarp formation on any trial after mycelium growth on the compost even after 108 days of culture. The first harvest period for P. eryngii was determined as average 48 days on SS + 10.0% RB, and the total harvest period was 108 days on WS + 5.0% and WS + 10.0% RB. The highest biological efficiency ( BE) was 93% on WS-SS (1: 1) + 5.0% RB and the lowest BE was 7% on WS + 10.0% RB. The lowest average yield per 100 g of material (70% moisture) was 2.0 g on WS + 10.0% RB, while the highest yield was 28.0 g on WS-SS (1: 1) + 5.0% RB. In conclusion, various local agricultural wastes can be used for the cultivation of P. eryngii.
{Author Address}: Firat Univ, Inst Sci, Dept Biol, TR-23119 Elazig, Turkey; Dicle Univ, Fac Sci & Arts, Dept Biol, TR-21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey
{Database Provider}: Web of Science SCI
{Language}: English
{Country}: Turkey; Turkey

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Ayala, M.; Gonzalez-Munoz, S. S.; Pinos-Rodriguez, J. M.; Vazquez, C.; Meneses, M.; Loera, O.; Mendoza, G. D.
{Year}: 2011
{Title}: Fibrolytic potential of spent compost of Agaricus bisporus to degrade forages for ruminants
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: AFRICAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH
{Volume}: 5
{Issue}: 6
{Number}: WOS:000293695300010
{Pages}: 643-650
{Cited Count}: 0
{Date Displayed}: 2011
MAR 18 2011
{ISBN/ISSN}: 1996-0808
{Abstract}: To evaluate the fibrolytic potential of spent compost of champignon mushroom (Agaricus bisporus; SCAB) on forage degradation, liquids from spent compost were extracted and then evaluated in vitro. Firstly, SCAB was recovered at 50, 60 and 90 days post-harvest and enzyme activity was evaluated. Celluloses activity was highest at 60 days; xylanases activity was not affected by post-harvest stage; laccases activity increased as post-harvest stage increased. Secondly, liquid extracts of SCAB obtained at 60 days post-harvest were refrigerated, frozen, lyophilized and refrigerated plus benzoic acid, frozen plus benzoic acid, frozen plus glycerol or frozen plus benzoic acid-glycerol and then, the fibrolytic activity was evaluated. Fibrolytic activity was highest in SCAB frozen plus glycerol, lyophilization and frozen plus benzoic acid. Finally, effects of SCAB were evaluated on degradation of alfalfa hay, Taiwan grass, barley straw and spent compost of A. bisporus. Dry matter soluble fraction of alfalfa and potential degradation of dry matter of Taiwan grass and barley straw were increased by SCAB. It was concluded that SCAB showed a high fibrolytic activity which would increase degradation of forages for ruminants.