{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Fernandes, Angela; Antonio, Amilcar L.; Barreira, Joao C. M.; Botelho, M. Luisa; Oliveira, M. Beatriz P. P.; Martins, Anabela; Ferreira, Isabel C. F. R.
{Year}: 2012
{Title}: Effects of Gamma Irradiation on the Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Lactarius deliciosus L. Wild Edible Mushroom
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Pages}: 1-9
{Date Displayed}: 2012
{ISBN/ISSN}: 19355130
{Keywords}: Gamma rays; Chromatography; Food products; Fungi; High performance liquid chromatography; Irradiation; Phenols; Refractive index
{Abstract}: The short shelf-life of mushrooms is an obstacle to the distribution and marketing of the fresh product. There has been extensive research on finding the most appropriate technology for mushrooms preservation and a particular interest arises for wild species. Treatment by irradiation emerges as a possible conservation technique that has been tested successfully in several food products. Herein, the effects of gamma irradiation on Lactarius deliciosus (L. ex Fr.) S. F. Gray chemical composition and antioxidant activity were evaluated in samples submitted to different storage periods (0, 4 and 8days) at 4C. The irradiation treatments were performed in a Co-60 experimental equipment. Nutritional value was accessed by macronutrients analysis and determination of energetic value; fatty acid, sugar and tocopherol profiles were determined by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) refractive index and HPLC fluorescence, respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated through radical scavenging activity, reducing power, lipid peroxidation inhibition and phenolics content. The obtained data show that, until 1kGy, gamma irradiation might provide a useful alternative to ensure the quality and extend the life of mushrooms, since its effects on macronutrients, energetic value, tocopherols and antioxidant activity EC50 values were less significant than the changes caused by storage time. Moreover, the chemical and nutritional composition was similar in irradiated and non-irradiated L. deliciosus samples.   2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
{Notes}: Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
IP52124488
Antioxidant activities
Appropriate technologies
Chemical compositions
Edible mushroom
Energetic value
Experimental equipments
Gamma irradiation
Gas chromatography-flame ionization detectors
Irradiation treatment
Lactarius
Lipid peroxidation
Nutritional compositions
Nutritional value
Phenolics content
Radical scavenging activity
Reducing power
Shelf life
Storage periods
Storage time
Wild species
{Author Address}: CIMO-ESA, Instituto Politecnico de Braganca Campus de Santa Apolonia, Apartado 1172, Braganca, 5301-855, Portugal

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Wu, Su-Qian; Gao, Shang-Long; Liu, Hong-Hong; Sun, Xin-Yi; Hao, Long; Jia, Le; Pang, Li-Fei; Jia, Shou-Hua; Jia, Meng-Shi
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Intracellular polysaccharide and its antioxidant activity by Pleurotus citrinopileatus SM-01
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Pages}: 1-9
{Date Displayed}: 2013
{ISBN/ISSN}: 15985032
{Keywords}: Oxygen; Aldehydes; Amino acids
{Abstract}: The extraction parameters of intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) from Pleurotus citrinopileatus SM-01 mycelia were optimized, and the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of IPS were investigated. The optimum conditions of IPS extraction were predicted to be an ultrasonic treatment time of 664.09 s, precipitation time of 23.03 h and pH 7.36, and IPS yield was estimated at 16.13%. The in vitro inhibition effects of IPS at a dosage of 5 g/L on the superoxide anion, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals were 73.964.62%, 69.24.37%, and 50.754.39%, respectively, which were 72.565.08%, 22.831.94%, and 43.933.26% higher than that of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), respectively. The reducing power of IPS was 0.90.07, 69.815.24% higher than that of BHT. The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in mice blood were 241.3823.19, 454.9542.39, 60.325.16, and 32.392.54 U/mL, respectively, and the malonaldehyde (MDA) level was 9.540.72 nmol/mL. The results provided a reference for the large-scale extraction of IPS by P. citrinopileatus SM-01 in industrial fermentation, suggesting that the IPS can be used as a potential antioxidant, which enhances adaptive immune responses.   2013 The Polymer Society of Korea and Springer Sciene+Business Media Dordrecht.
{Notes}: Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
IP52383262
1 ,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
Adaptive immune response
Alanine aminotransferase
Antioxidant activities
Butylated hydroxytoluene
Glutathione peroxidase
Hydroxyl radicals
Industrial fermentation
Inhibition effect
In-vitro
Malonaldehyde
Optimum conditions
Pleurotus
Reducing power
Superoxide anions
Superoxide dismutases
Ultrasonic treatments
{Author Address}: College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Minato, K. I.; Abe, C.
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Chapter 17 - Immunomodulating Effect of Polysaccharide
{URL}: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123971562000168
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Place Published}: San Diego
{Pages}: 241-250
{Date Displayed}: 2013///
{ISBN/ISSN}: 978-0-12-397156-2
{Original Publication}: Academic Press
{Abstract}: Many species of plants, such as mushrooms, herbs, algae, and cacti, have been known as medicinal materials. Increasing medicinal and pharmaceutical interest has been shown regarding the immunomodulating activity of their polysaccharide. Now, many kinds of mushrooms have already become attractive as health beneficent foods and as source materials for immunomodulators, antitumor agents, antibiotics, antihypertensive, and so on. Lentinula edodes, Grifola frondosa, Pleurotus cornucopiae, Pholiota nameko, and many other kinds of mushrooms have been proved to have potent and unique immunomodulating polysaccharides. They play an important role in the activation of macrophages, proliferation of lymphocytes, induction of cytokine production, etc. Many studies have attributed a wide range of different biological activities of mushrooms, such as regulation of cytokine network in immune response, to the immunomodulating actions of polysaccharides. Polysaccharides from them seem to become Th1-polarizing immunomodulators and might be expected to prevent the disease caused by an increase in Th2 responses. It was also suggested that their immunomodulating activity was regulated by other food factors.

Keywords: Biological response modifiers; Cytokine network; Immunomodulators; Lentinan; Lentinula edodes; Macrophage; Mushroom; Pleurotus cornucopiae; Polysaccharide; Th1/Th2 type cytokine; β-Glucan

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Bi, Hongtao; Gao, Tingting; Liu, Dongbo; Tai, Guihua; Wei, Min; Zhou, Yifa
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Structures of (16)--d-glucans from Bulgaria inquinans (Fries) and their immunological activities
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Volume}: 93
{Issue}: 2
{Pages}: 547-552
{Date Displayed}: 2013
{ISBN/ISSN}: 01448617
{Keywords}: Polysaccharides; Lymphocytes; Molecular weight
{Abstract}: In previous study, an unbranched (1. . 6)--. d-glucan with Mw 2.6. kDa was isolated from fruit bodies of Bulgaria inquinans (Fries). In present paper, three branched (1. . 6)--. d-glucans were obtained from the water-extracted residues by a sequential KOH-extraction, namely BIK2, BIK10 and BIK30. Their molecular weights were determined to be 37.5. kDa (BIK2), 288.9. kDa (BIK10) and 175.5. kDa (BIK30). Structural analysis indicated that their backbones were substituted by single glucosyls at C-3 positions, the branching ratios were 0.01 (BIK2), 0.17 (BIK10), 0.25 (BIK30). Immunological tests showed that all the four -. d-glucans could significantly increase the ConA or LPS-induced lymphocytes proliferation in vivo. Moreover, branched (1. . 6)--. d-glucans have more significantly lymphocytes proliferation activities than unbranched (1. . 6)--. d-glucan, and the effect of (1. . 6)--. d-glucans on lymphocytes proliferation increases along with molecular weights. The present results well enrich the structure-activity relationships of (1. . 6)--. d-glucan, and indicate (1. . 6)--. d-glucans from B. inquinans (Fries) are potential immunostimulating agents.   2012 Elsevier Ltd.
{Notes}: Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
IP52464091
Branching ratio
Bulgaria
D-glucan
Fruit body
Immunological activity
Immunostimulating
In-vivo
Proliferation activity
Structure activity relationships
{Author Address}: School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China