{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Wang, Y.; Wang, M.; Ling, Y.; Fan, W.; Wang, Y.; Yin, H.
{Year}: 2009
{Title}: Structural determination and antioxidant activity of a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of cultured Cordyceps sinensis
{URL}: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=19885957&query_hl=1
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Am J Chin Med
{Volume}: 37
{Issue}: 5
{Pages}: 977-89
{DOI}: 10.1142/S0192415X09007387
{Date Displayed}: 2009
{Date}: 2009-01-20
{Type of Work}: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
{Accession Number}: 19885957
{Keywords}: Animals; Antioxidants/*chemistry/isolation & purification/pharmacology; Chelating Agents/chemistry/isolation & purification/pharmacology; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cordyceps/*chemistry/growth & development; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Free Radical Scavengers/chemistry/isolation & purification/pharmacology; Fruiting Bodies, Fungal/*chemistry; Galactose/analysis; Glucose/analysis; Hemolysis/drug effects; Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology; Iron/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism; Mannose/analysis; Mice; Molecular Weight; Oxidation-Reduction/drug effects; Polysaccharides/*chemistry/isolation & purification/pharmacology
{Abstract}: A water-soluble polysaccharide named CPS1 had been isolated from C. sinensis mycelium by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, anion-exchange, and gel-permeation chromatography. UV spectra, FTIR spectra, partial acid hydrolysis, PMP precolumn derivation, periodate oxidation and Smith degradation studies were   conducted to elucidate its structure. The results indicated that CPS1 was a glucomannogalactan with the monosaccharide composition of glucose: mannose: galactose = 2.8: 2.9: 1. The total carbohydrate content of CPS1 was 99.0%. The weight-average molecular weight was 8.1 x 10(3) Da. The results predicted (1-->2) and (1-->4)-linkage of mannose, (1-->3)-linkage of galactose, (1--> ) and (1-->3, 6)-linkage of glucose composed the backbone of CPS1. CPS1 was also evaluated for   its antioxidant activity in vitro, including scavenging effects on the hydroxyl radicals, the reducing power, Fe(2+)-chelating activity, scavenging effect on superoxide radicals, as well as the inhibition of hydrogen peroxide induced haemolysis. CPS1 showed a high antioxidant effect, especially scavenging effect of hydroxyl radicals, the reducing power and Fe(2+)-chelating activity. The results provide scientific support for the antioxidant activity and indicated a connection between antioxidant activity and reparation of renal failure.
{Author Address}: Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu, China. wangying19830511@hotmail.com
{Language}: eng

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Tang, J.; Tian, D.; Liu, G.
{Year}: 2010
{Title}: Immunosuppressive effect of Cordyceps CS-4 on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells in vitro
{URL}: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=20821826&query_hl=1
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Am J Chin Med
{Volume}: 38
{Issue}: 5
{Pages}: 961-72
{DOI}: 10.1142/S0192415X1000838X
{Date Displayed}: 2010
{Date}: 2010-01-20
{Type of Work}: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
{Accession Number}: 20821826
{Keywords}: Antigens, CD4/metabolism; Cell Differentiation/*drug effects; Cell Proliferation/drug effects; *Cordyceps; Cytokines/metabolism; Dendritic Cells/*drug effects/metabolism; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology; Humans; Immune System/cytology/*drug effects/metabolism; Immunosuppressive Agents/*pharmacology; Interleukin-4/pharmacology; Monocytes/*drug effects/metabolism; T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/metabolism; Th1-Th2 Balance/drug effects
{Abstract}: Cordyceps CS-4 (C.CS-4), a vegetative form of Cordyceps that contains the same active compounds as the fruit body, is widely used as a substitute of Cordyceps in China. A number of studies have shown that Cordyceps can positively stimulate   the activation of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and macrophages. In our previous study, we found that C.CS-4 could inhibit the proliferation of CD4+ T cells in autoimmune diseases and prevent the lymphocyte infiltration in tissues. However, it is still unclear how the lymphocytes are regulated by C.CS-4. In this study, we investigate the effect of C.CS-4 on human   monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs), which are generated from PBMCs by the   treatment with GM-CSF and IL-4. It is observed that Mo-DCs pretreated with C.CS-4 show an immature phenotype. Moreover, C.CS-4 significantly inhibits proliferation of CD4+ T cells, attenuates the production of cytokines in Mo-DCs and balances the Th1 and Th2 response in immune system. Our findings indicate that C.CS-4 exerts the immunosuppressive effect through inhibiting the CD4+ T cells proliferation, regulating cytokine secretions of Th1 and Th2 response (Mo-DCs) and inducing phenotypic immature of Mo-DCs which may be related to the antigen presenting dysfunction.
{Author Address}: Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China.
{Language}: eng

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Soylu, S.; Gul, U.; Gonul, M.; Kilic, A.; Cakmak, S. K.; Demiriz, M.
{Year}: 2009
{Title}: An uncommon presentation of the co-existence of morphea and vitiligo in a patient with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: is there a possible association with autoimmunity?
{URL}: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=19658447&query_hl=1
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Am J Clin Dermatol
{Volume}: 10
{Issue}: 5
{Pages}: 336-8
{DOI}: 10.2165/11310800-000000000-00000
{Date Displayed}: 2009
{Date}: 2009-01-20
{Type of Work}: Case Reports; Journal Article
{Accession Number}: 19658447
{Keywords}: Adult; Autoimmunity; Hepatitis B, Chronic/*complications/immunology; Humans; Immune System/virology; Male; Scleroderma, Localized/*etiology/immunology; Vitiligo/*etiology/immunology
{Abstract}: A 30-year-old man presented with indurated violaceous plaques all over his body that had been present for 7 months. The patient had also had vitiligo for 3.5 years, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and cirrhosis for a 2-year period. Histopathologic examination of the indurated plaques confirmed the diagnosis of morphea. Localized scleroderma and vitiligo have only rarely been reported to occur simultaneously. Although the etiologies of vitiligo and morphea are both uncertain, their association with autoimmune diseases favors an autoimmune hypothesis. Both vitiligo and morphea might have appeared coincidentally. However, this association could be significant because it may be related to the presence of HBV and alterations in the immune system that are caused by this virus. Therefore, this rare combination of vitiligo and morphea in a patient with chronic HBV infection warrants attention because it suggests a possible immunologic association, which may merit future study.
{Author Address}: 2nd Dermatology Clinic, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
{Language}: eng

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Chitayat, D.; Keating, S.; Zand, D. J.; Costa, T.; Zackai, E. H.; Silverman, E.; Tiller, G.; Unger, S.; Miller, S.; Kingdom, J.; Toi, A.; Curry, C. J.
{Year}: 2008
{Title}: Chondrodysplasia punctata associated with maternal autoimmune diseases: expanding the spectrum from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) and scleroderma report of eight cases
{URL}: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=19006208&query_hl=1
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Am J Med Genet A
{Volume}: 146A
{Issue}: 23
{Pages}: 3038-53
{DOI}: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32554
{Date Displayed}: 2008 Dec 1
{Date}: 2008-12-01
{Type of Work}: Case Reports; Journal Article
{Original Publication}: Copyright (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
{Accession Number}: 19006208
{Keywords}: Adult; Autoimmunity; Birth Weight; Chondrodysplasia Punctata/etiology/*immunology/*radiography; Female; Humans; Infant; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/*complications; Mixed Connective Tissue Disease/*complications; Pregnancy; *Pregnancy Complications; Scleroderma, Systemic/*complications; Young Adult
{Abstract}: Chondrodysplasia punctata (CDP) is etiologically a heterogeneous condition and has been associated with single gene disorders, chromosome abnormalities and teratogenic exposures. The first publication of the association between CDP and maternal autoimmune connective tissue disorder was by Curry et al. 1993]. Chondrodysplasia punctata associated with maternal collagen vascular disease. A new etiology? Presented at the David W. Smith Workshop on Morphogenesis and Malformations, Mont Tremblant, Quebec, August 1993] and subsequently, other cases have been reported. We report on eight cases of maternal collagen vascular disease associated with fetal CDP and included the cases reported by Curry et al. 1993. Chondrodysplasia punctata associated with maternal collagen vascular disease. A new etiology? Presented at the David W. Smith Workshop on Morphogenesis and Malformations, Mont Tremblant, Quebec, August 1993] and Costa et al. [1993]. Maternal systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) and chondrodysplasia punctata in two infants. Coincidence or association? 1st Meeting of Bone Dysplasia Society, Chicago, June 1993] which were reported in an abstract form. We suggest that maternal autoimmune diseases should be part of the differential diagnosis and investigation in newborns/fetuses with CDP. Thus, in addition to cardiac evaluation, fetuses/newborn to mothers with autoimmune diseases should have fetal ultrasound/newborn examination and if indicated, X-rays, looking for absent/hypoplastic nasal bone, brachydactyly, shortened long bones and epiphyseal stippling.
{Author Address}: The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Mount Sinai Hospital and The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. dchitayat@mtsinai.on.ca
{Language}: eng