{Reference Type}: Journal Article

{Author}: I Giavasis

{Year}: 2013

{Title}: 16 - Production of microbial polysaccharides for use in food

{Tag}: 0

{Star}: 0

{Journal}: Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Techno

{Volume}: 0

{Issue}: 0

{Pages}: 413 - 468

{ISBN/ISSN}: 978-0-85709-343-1

{Keywords}: biosynthesis；food biopolymers；functional foods and nutraceuticals；microbial polysaccharides；structure–function relationships

{Abstract}:Microbial polysaccharides comprise a large number of versatile biopolymers produced by several bacteria, yeast and fungi. Microbial fermentation has enabled the use of these ingredients in modern food and delivered polysaccharides with controlled and modifiable properties, which can be utilized as thickeners/viscosifiers, gelling agents, encapsulation and film-making agents or stabilizers. Recently, some of these biopolymers have gained special interest owing to their immunostimulating/therapeutic properties and may lead to the formation of novel functional foods and nutraceuticals. This chapter describes the origin and chemical identity, the biosynthesis and production process, and the properties and applications of the most important microbial polysaccharides.

{Database Provider}: Web of Sciencedirect

{Language}: English

{Reference Type}: Journal Article

{Author}: Chiung-Wen Yeh；Chi-Zong Zang；Chia-Chi Lin；Shu-Chen Kan；Wei-Feng Chang；Chwen-Jen Shieh；Yung-Chuan Liu

{Year}: 2014

{Title}: Quantitative and morphologic analysis on exopolysaccharide and biomass production from a truffle endophytic fungus Hypocreales sp. NCHU01

{Tag}: 0

{Star}: 0

{Volume}: 45

{Issue}: 1

{Pages}: 108-114

{ISBN/ISSN}: 1876-1070

{Keywords}: Hypocreales sp.；Endophytic fungus；Submerged culture；Polysaccharide；Response surface methodology

{Abstract}:In this study, exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced from Hypocreales sp. NCHU01 was carried out in the submerged cultivation. To find the optimal conditions, factors such as carbon and nitrogen source concentrations, pH, temperature, magnesium ion, and potassium ion levels were considered. The results showed that the optimal conditions were as follows: sucrose, yeast extract, magnesium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate were 10.6 g/L, 10.92 g/L, 1.0 g/L and 1.01 g/L, respectively. The optimization conditions were set at 25 °C with an initial pH 6.5. The maximum EPS production was about 1329 ± 23 mg/L, which was 3.34-fold to that of the original condition. The sucrose consumption rate was calculated to be 8.89 (g/L/day). Biomass production and EPS production rates were 3.92 and 0.18 (g/L/day), respectively. The yields for EPS and biomass were calculated to be 0.02 and 0.44 (g/g), respectively. The study displayed an increasing molecular weight distribution in the harvested EPS over a longer cultivation time. The quantitative relationship between mycelial biomass and EPS production was also built.

{Database Provider}: Web of Sciencedirect

{Language}: English

{Reference Type}: Journal Article

{Author}: Kristiina Hildén；Miia R Mäkelä；Pauliina Lankinen；Taina Lundell

{Year}: 2013

{Title}: Agaricus bisporus and related Agaricus species on lignocellulose: Production of manganese peroxidase and multicopper oxidases

{Tag}: 0

{Star}: 0

{Journal}: Agaricus bisporus – beyond the genome

{Volume}: 55

{Issue}: 0

{Pages}: 32-41

{ISBN/ISSN}: 1087-1845

{Keywords}: Laccase；Basidiomycota；Litter-decomposing fungi；Lignocellulose degradation；White-rot；Tyrosinase

{Abstract}:Biotechnological, microbiological, and genetic studies of Agaricus species other than A. bisporus, the white button mushroom, have been limited so far. To expand the knowledge in the genus Agaricus, six novel wild-type isolates of Agaricus spp. were studied on their nutritional demands for enzyme production and mycelial growth. All the selected Agaricus species produced extracellular manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase activities in semi-solid rye bran cultures. Moderate MnP activities were measured for A. bisporus, A. bernardii and A. campestris. The highest laccase activities were obtained for A. bisporus and A. campestris. On soy medium, the highest mycelial tyrosinase activity was determined for A. bernardii. For A. bisporus, addition of copper caused no increase in laccase or tyrosinase activities on soy or malt extract media. Hyphal growth rate of the isolates was studied on lignocellulose amended agar plates. Fastest growth was obtained for A. bisporus on wheat bran and birch leaf litter agar. Except for A. bernardii, hyphal growth rates correlated well with MnP and laccase production levels between Agaricus species. Molecular taxonomy of the novel Agaricus spp. positioned them to distinct phylogenetic clusters with species-level identity. In conclusion, our data point to the importance of both MnP and multicopper enzymes in Agaricus spp. while growing on lignocelluloses.

{Database Provider}: Web of Sciencedirect

{Language}: English