{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Shi, Min; Zhang, Zhenya; Yang, Yingnan
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Antioxidant and immunoregulatory activity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP)
{URL}: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014486171300221X
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Carbohydrate Polymers
{Volume}: 95
{Issue}: 1
{Pages}: 200-206
{Date Displayed}: 2013/6/5/
{Alternate Title}: Carbohydrate Polymers
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0144-8617
{Keywords}: Soybean curd residue; Ganoderma lucidum; Polysaccharides; Antioxidant activities; Immunomodulation activity
{Abstract}: Abstract
Four polysaccharides (GLP-I, GLP-II, GLP-III and GLP-IV) were obtained from fermented soybean curd residue by Ganoderma lucidum, and then purified using anion-exchange DEAE Sephadex A-50. Their structural characterization was conducted by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and their monosaccharide compositions were determined. The results demonstrated that the basic structural characterization of four polysaccharides were similar, however, monosaccharide compositions of four kinds of polysaccharides were significant difference. GLP-III and GLP-IV were composed of six kinds of monosaccharide. Nevertheless, GLP-II was composed of three kinds of monosaccharide. Moreover, their antioxidant activities were investigated on the basis of hydroxyl radical, reducing power, DPPH free radical, chelating activity, ABTS radical-scavenging and SOD-like activity. The results showed that four polysaccharides exhibited antioxidant activities in a concentration-dependent manner. Among four polysaccharides, GLP-III and GLP-IV exhibited the higher scavenging effects on hydroxyl radicals, ABTS radical, DPPH free radical, and stronger reducing power and SOD-like activity than GLP-I and GLP-II. In addition, treatment with 40 µg/mL of GLP showed significant stimulation to the macrophage proliferation and higher nitric oxide production. Overall, GLP from fermented SCR could have potential applications in the medical and food industries.

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Zhao, Baotang; Zhang, Ji; Guo, Xiao; Wang, Junlong
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Microwave-assisted extraction, chemical characterization of polysaccharides from Lilium davidii var. unicolor Salisb and its antioxidant activities evaluation
{URL}: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0268005X1200286X
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Food Hydrocolloids
{Volume}: 31
{Issue}: 2
{Pages}: 346-356
{Date Displayed}: 2013/6//
{Alternate Title}: Food Hydrocolloids
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0268-005X
{Keywords}: Lilium davidii var. unicolor Salisb; Microwave-assisted extraction; Box–Behnken design; Antioxidative activity
{Abstract}: Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of polysaccharides from Lilium davidii var. unicolor Salisb (LPMAE) was studied. The four parameters, extraction time, microwave power, extraction temperature, extraction temperature and the ratio of solid to water, were optimized using the Box–Behnken design (BBD) with a quadratic regression model built by using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal extraction conditions for LPMAE were determined as follows: microwave power 597  W, extraction time 60  min, ratio of raw material to liquid 1:65, extraction temperature 50  °C, where the highest yield of LPMAE 36.55  ±  1.1% was achieved. The resulted LPMAE was characterized by FT-IR. The peaks at 3406  cm−1, 2930  cm−1, 1250  cm−1, 1060, 812  cm−1 indicated that LPMAE possesses typical absorption peak of polysaccharides. Monosaccharide composition was determined by GC–MS method. LPMAE was mainly composed of glucose and mannose with the molar ratio of 5.17:4.82. The weight average molar mass (Mw) determined by SEC-LLS was1.193  ×  105. In addition, the antioxidative activity of LPMAE was investigated by measuring its scavenging ability on DPPH, hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radical, Chelating activity on ferrous ion and reducing power in  vitro. The results indicated that LPMAE has good antioxidant activity.

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Mao, Yong; Mao, Jian; Meng, Xiangyong
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Extraction optimization and bioactivity of exopolysaccharides from Agaricus bisporus
{URL}: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144861712011228
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Carbohydrate Polymers
{Volume}: 92
{Issue}: 2
{Pages}: 1602-1607
{Date Displayed}: 2013/2/15/
{Alternate Title}: Carbohydrate Polymers
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0144-8617
{Keywords}: Agaricus bisporus; Exopolysaccharides; Response surface methodology; Antioxidant; Hypoglycemic
{Abstract}: Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction parameters of EPS produced by Agaricus bisporus MJ-0811 in submerged culture. The optimal levels for ethanol concentration (85%, v/v), pH (8) and precipitation time (22 h) were determined, and EPS production was estimated at 2.71 g/L. The actual yield of EPS under these conditions was 2.69 g/L. In addition, the antioxidant activity of EPS was investigated by measuring its scavenging ability on superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals in vitro. Furthermore, the hypoglycemic activity of EPS was investigated by measuring its effects on body weights and blood glucose of diabetic mice. The study suggests that EPS has beneficial antioxidant activities (hydroxyl radical-scavenging activities, superoxide radical-scavenging activities) in vitro, anti-diabetic effect on alloxan induced diabetic mice. The EPS from A. bisporus may be a novel resource of natural antioxidants and anti-diabetic agents for use in the functional food or medicine.

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Bi, Hongtao; Gao, Tingting; Li, Zonghong; Ji, Li; Yang, Wei; Jeff Iteku, B.; Liu, Enxu; Zhou, Yifa
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Structural elucidation and antioxidant activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the fruit bodies of Bulgaria inquinans (Fries)
{URL}: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814612017700
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Food Chemistry
{Volume}: 138
{Issue}: 2–3
{Pages}: 1470-1475
{Date Displayed}: 2013/6/1/
{Alternate Title}: Food Chemistry
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0308-8146
{Keywords}: Bulgaria inquinans (Fries); Glucogalactan; Mannan; Antioxidant activity
{Abstract}: The non-lichenized ascomycete Bulgaria inquinans (Fries), growing in the Changbai Mountain of China, has been used as medicinal diet for many years. In a previous study, we have reported that a heteropolysaccharide BIWS-4b from the fruit bodies of B. inquinans (Fries) exhibited markedly antimalarial and immunostimulating activities. In this paper, the structural features and antioxidant activity of BIWS-4b were investigated. The results showed that BIWS-4b contains an α-(1 → 2), (1 → 6)-mannan core to which the glucogalactan chains are attached. The glucogalactan chains were composed of (1 → 6)-, (1 → 5)- and (1 → 5,6)-linked β-Galf, (1 → 4)-linked and non-reducing terminal β-Glcp units, and might be attached to the mannan core at the O-2 positions of α-Manp units. The antioxidant assays showed that BIWS-4b exhibited good activities, including free radicals scavenging effects, ferrous ion-chelating ability and reducing power. Thus, BIWS-4b could be used as a natural antioxidant agent for food and pharmaceutical industries.