{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Petlevski, R.; Flajs, D.; Kalođera, Z.; Zovko Končić, M.
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Composition and antioxidant activity of aqueous and ethanolic Pelargonium radula extracts
{URL}: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0254629912001846
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: South African Journal of Botany
{Volume}: 85
{Issue}: 0
{Pages}: 17-22
{Date Displayed}: 2013/3//
{Alternate Title}: South African Journal of Botany
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0254-6299
{Keywords}: Antioxidant; Diabetes; Lactate dehydrogenase; Pelargonium radula; Polyphenols
{Abstract}: Abstract
Pelargonium radula (Cav.) L'Hér is a plant with hypoglycaemic properties originating from South Africa. Since oxidative stress plays a major role in the development of diabetic complications, the aim of this study was to evaluate if P. radula, besides its glucose-lowering properties, can have additional beneficial effects on diabetes. For preparation of extracts fresh or dried leaves were extracted at 20 °C with either ethanol or water. Since P. radula is commercially cultivated for its essential oil, the residues obtained after steam distillation of essential oil from dry or fresh leaves were also included in the investigation. Content of phenols (total phenols, flavonoids and tannins) was determined in the extracts. Antioxidant activity was established as radical scavenging and chelating activity, reducing power and activity in β-carotene-linoleic acid assay. To establish possible intracellular effects of the extracts, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was determined in Hep G2 cells with glucose induced oxidative stress. All the extracts were found to possess antioxidant activities and were able to reduce LDH leakage from Hep G2 cells. In addition to having excellent extraction yields the residues obtained after steam distillation of essential oil showed the most pronounced antioxidant activity in our study. The results of the present study suggest that P. radula leaf might be useful as complementary therapy in diabetes.

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Xiong, Xiaoying; Li, Ming; Xie, Jing; Jin, Qi; Xue, Bin; Sun, Tao
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Antioxidant activity of xanthan oligosaccharides prepared by different degradation methods
{URL}: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144861712010971
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Carbohydrate Polymers
{Volume}: 92
{Issue}: 2
{Pages}: 1166-1171
{Date Displayed}: 2013/2/15/
{Alternate Title}: Carbohydrate Polymers
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0144-8617
{Keywords}: Xanthan gum; Oxidative degradation; Antioxidant activity; Pyruvate acid
{Abstract}: Two kinds of water soluble xanthan oligosaccharides (XGOS-A and XGOS-B) with similar molecular weights were prepared by oxidative degradation of xanthan gum (XG) under acidic and alkaline condition, respectively. Antioxidant activity of XGOS-A and XGOS-B was evaluated by the scavenging of superoxide anion radical (O2−), hydroxyl radical (OH), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), determination of ferrous ion chelating activity and reducing power. All the above antioxidant evaluation indicated that XGOS-A and XGOS-B exhibited good antioxidant activity in a concentration-dependent manner. The XGOS-B exhibited better antioxidant activity than XGOS-A. These results may be related to the different structure properties of XGOS-A and XGOS-B especially the different contents of pyruvate acid and reducing sugar.

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Fernández-Agulló, A.; Pereira, E.; Freire, M. S.; Valentão, P.; Andrade, P. B.; González-Álvarez, J.; Pereira, J. A.
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Influence of solvent on the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of walnut (Juglans regia L.) green husk extracts
{URL}: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926669012002865
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Industrial Crops and Products
{Volume}: 42
{Issue}: 0
{Pages}: 126-132
{Date Displayed}: 2013/3//
{Alternate Title}: Industrial Crops and Products
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0926-6690
{Keywords}: Walnut green husk; Solvent extraction; Total phenols content; Antioxidant activity; Antimicrobial activity
{Abstract}: Walnut green husk is an agro-forest waste generated in the walnut (Juglans regia L.) harvest that could be valued as a source of natural compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. At this respect, the effect of the solvent (water, methanol, ethanol and 50% aqueous solutions of methanol and ethanol) on the extraction yields and extracts bioactive properties was analysed. Total phenols content of the extracts was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteau method. Extract antioxidant activity was evaluated using the reducing power assay and by the ability of the extracts to scavenge the DPPH radical. The scavenging effect of the aqueous extracts on the nitric oxide radical was also evaluated. The highest extraction yield was achieved with water (44.11%) and high bioactive potential was shown by the samples extracted with water/ethanol (1:1) (84.46 mg GAE/g extract; EC50 = 0.95 mg/mL for reducing power and EC50 = 0.33 mg/mL for DPPH assay). All the antioxidant properties analysed showed a concentration-dependent activity. The antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extracts was assessed and showed ability to inhibit the growth of Gram positive bacteria. The results obtained demonstrated the potential of the walnut green husk as an economical source of antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Boulekbache-Makhlouf, Lila; Slimani, Sakina; Madani, Khodir
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Total phenolic content, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of fruits of Eucalyptus globulus cultivated in Algeria
{URL}: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926669012002099
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Industrial Crops and Products
{Volume}: 41
{Issue}: 0
{Pages}: 85-89
{Date Displayed}: 2013/1//
{Alternate Title}: Industrial Crops and Products
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0926-6690
{Keywords}: Eucalyptus globulus; Fruits; Phenolic content; Antioxidant activity; Antibacterial activity
{Abstract}: Crude extract from fruit of Eucalyptus globulus (E. globulus) was screened for its in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Antioxidant activity was measured by two methods, namely the reducing power and lipid peroxidation inhibition. Antibacterial activity was determined by using disc diffusion method against three bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus: ATCC 6538, Bacillus subtilis: ATCC 6633 and Klebsiella pneumoniae: E 47). The extract exhibited moderate inhibition of lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion (51.34 ± 0.72%) and high reducing power (IC50 = 39.52 μg/mL). It also exhibited strong antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and S. aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 30 μg/mL and 80 μg/mL, respectively. These results suggest that fruits of E. globulus have interesting antibacterial and antioxidant activities.