{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Wang, Chenyu; Zhang, Jing; Wang, Fei; Wang, Zhanyong
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Extraction of crude polysaccharides from Gomphidius rutilus and their antioxidant activities in vitro
{URL}: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144861713000507
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Carbohydrate Polymers
{Volume}: 94
{Issue}: 1
{Pages}: 479-486
{Date Displayed}: 2013/4/15/
{Alternate Title}: Carbohydrate Polymers
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0144-8617
{Keywords}: Polysaccharides; Response surface methodology; Gomphidius rutilus; Antioxidant
{Abstract}: Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction of crude polysaccharides from the fruiting bodies of Gomphidius rutilus. A central composite design was adopted to determine the combination of factors (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that resulted in the maximum crude polysaccharide production. Results showed that the optimum extraction conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 95 °C; ratio of water to raw material, 16; extraction time, 2.5 h; and extraction frequency, 4. Under these conditions, the experimental yield of crude polysaccharides was 8.02 ± 0.15%, which well agreed with the predicted yield. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity in vitro suggested that the crude polysaccharides had high scavenging activity for superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. The crude polysaccharides also showed strong reducing power. Thus, they can be used as natural antioxidants in functional foods or medicine.

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Gao, Chanjuan; Wang, Yanhua; Wang, Chenyu; Wang, Zhanyong
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Antioxidant and immunological activity in vitro of polysaccharides from Gomphidius rutilus mycelium
{URL}: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144861712012301
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Carbohydrate Polymers
{Volume}: 92
{Issue}: 2
{Pages}: 2187-2192
{Date Displayed}: 2013/2/15/
{Alternate Title}: Carbohydrate Polymers
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0144-8617
{Keywords}: Gomphidius Rutilus; Mycelium; Polysaccharide; Purification; Antioxidant
{Abstract}: Two novel polysaccharide fractions, GRMP1 and GRMP2, were isolated from the mycelium of Gomphidius rutilus through submerged fermentation. GRMP1 and GRMP2 had similar average molecular weights (35 and 31 kDa, respectively), and were composed of glucose and xylose at molar ratios of 0.46:1 and 0.63:1, respectively. In vitro antioxidant tests showed that GRMP1 and GRMP2 partly scavenged superoxide radical but almost had no scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical. The effect of GRMP1 on hydroxyl radicals was stronger than that of GRMP2. Both GRMP1 and GRMP2 had relatively low reducing power and significant lymphocyte proliferation activity. In the presence of concanavalin A or lipopolysaccharide as mitogens for lymphocytes, the lymphocyte proliferation activity increased for GRMP1 but not for GRMP2 within the test dosage range.

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: You, Lijun; Gao, Qing; Feng, Mengying; Yang, Bao; Ren, Jiaoyan; Gu, Longjian; Cui, Chun; Zhao, Mouming
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Structural characterisation of polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake and their antioxidant and antitumour activities
{URL}: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814612019188
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Food Chemistry
{Volume}: 138
{Issue}: 4
{Pages}: 2242-2249
{Date Displayed}: 2013/6/15/
{Alternate Title}: Food Chemistry
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0308-8146
{Keywords}: Tricholoma matsutake; Polysaccharides; Antioxidant activity; Antitumour activity; Antiproliferative activity
{Abstract}: In this study, polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake (TM-P) were purified using a DEAE-Sepharose fast flow column and three polysaccharide fractions (TM-P1, TM-P2 and TM-P3) were obtained. The chemical composition and structural characteristics of TM-P2 were quite different from those of TM-P1 and TM-P3. TM-P2 consisted of glucose, galactose and mannose with a molar ratio of 5.9:1.1:1.0. The glycosidic linkages were mainly composed of 1,6- and 1-linked glucose. Furthermore, TM-P2 showed the strongest in vitro antioxidant and antitumour activities. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of TM-P2 was 2100.44 μmol Trolox/g. The antiproliferative activities of TM-P2 (4.0 mg/ml) on the growth of HepG2 and A549 cells were 67.98% and 59.04%, respectively.

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Bi, H.; Gao, T.; Li, Z.; Ji, L.; Yang, W.; Jeff, Iteku B.; Liu, E.; Zhou, Y.
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Structural elucidation and antioxidant activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the fruit bodies of Bulgaria inquinans (Fries)
{URL}: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=23411269&query_hl=1
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Food Chem
{Volume}: 138
{Issue}: 2-3
{Pages}: 1470-5
{DOI}: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.039
{Date Displayed}: 2013 Jun 1
{Date}: 2013-06-01
{Type of Work}: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
{Original Publication}: Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
{Accession Number}: 23411269
{Abstract}: The non-lichenized ascomycete Bulgaria inquinans (Fries), growing in the Changbai Mountain of China, has been used as medicinal diet for many years. In a previous   study, we have reported that a heteropolysaccharide BIWS-4b from the fruit bodies of B. inquinans (Fries) exhibited markedly antimalarial and immunostimulating activities. In this paper, the structural features and antioxidant activity of BIWS-4b were investigated. The results showed that BIWS-4b contains an alpha-(1-->2), (1-->6)-mannan core to which the glucogalactan chains are attached. The glucogalactan chains were composed of (1-->6)-, (1-->5)- and (1-->5,6)-linked beta-Galf, (1-->4)-linked and non-reducing terminal beta-Glcp units, and might be attached to the mannan core at the O-2 positions of alpha-Manp units. The antioxidant assays showed that BIWS-4b exhibited good activities, including free radicals scavenging effects, ferrous ion-chelating ability and reducing power. Thus, BIWS-4b could be used as a natural antioxidant   agent for food and pharmaceutical industries.
{Author Address}: School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China.
{Language}: eng