{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Huang, Qi-Lin; Siu, Ka-Chai; Wang, Wen-Qiang; Cheung, Yi-Ching; Wu, Jian-Yong
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Fractionation, characterization and antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharides from fermentation broth of a Cordyceps sinensis fungus
{URL}: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359511313000032
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Process Biochemistry
{Volume}: 48
{Issue}: 2
{Pages}: 380-386
{Date Displayed}: 2013/2//
{Alternate Title}: Process Biochemistry
{ISBN/ISSN}: 1359-5113
{Keywords}: Cordyceps sinensis; Liquid fermentation; Ethanol precipitation; Polysaccharide–protein complex; Antioxidant activity
{Abstract}: Exopolysaccharide (EPS) fractions P1/5, P2/5, P1, P2 and P5 were isolated from the fermentation medium of a medicinal fungus Cordyceps sinensis by gradient precipitation with ethanol at 1/5, 2/5, 1, 2, and 5 volume ratios to the liquid medium. P1/5 and P2/5 were mainly composed of polysaccharides with negligible protein content and a large molecular or particle size (intrinsic viscosity [η] 2025 mL/g; hydrodynamic radius Rh 905 nm). The fraction attained at a higher ethanol volume ratio had a much higher protein and lower carbohydrate content, and a smaller molecular size. In particular, P5 was composed of mainly protein with an average molecular weight 16 kDa, [η] 4.3 mL/g and Rh 23.5 nm. The antioxidant activities of EPS fractions showed a significant dependence on the protein content, being negligible of P1/5 and P2/5, low to moderate of P1 and P2, and very strong of P5. Gradient ethanol precipitation was proven a simple and workable method for initial fractionation of polysaccharides, proteins and their complexes with different molecular sizes and for further identification of the bioactive components.

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Chen, Shiguo; Siu, Ka-Chai; Wang, Wen-Qiang; Liu, Xing-Xun; Wu, Jian-Yong
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Structure and antioxidant activity of a novel poly-N-acetylhexosamine produced by a medicinal fungus
{URL}: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144861712012908
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Carbohydrate Polymers
{Volume}: 94
{Issue}: 1
{Pages}: 332-338
{Date Displayed}: 2013/4/15/
{Alternate Title}: Carbohydrate Polymers
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0144-8617
{Keywords}: Cordyceps sinensis; Exopolysaccharide; Poly-N-acetylhexosamine; NMR; MS; Antioxidant activity
{Abstract}: A novel poly-N-acetylhexosamine (polyhexNAc) about 6 kDa average molecular weight (MW) was isolated from the low-MW fraction of exopolysaccharide produced by liquid fermentation of a medicinal fungus Cordyceps sinensis Cs-HK1. The composition and linkage of sugar residues were determined by mass spectrometry and methylation analysis, and the anomeric configuration and chain linkage were confirmed by NMR. From the analytical results, the molecular structure was elucidated as a [-4-β-d-ManNAc-(1→3)-β-d-GalNAc-(1→] disaccharide repeating unit in the main chain with a Gal branch occurring randomly at the 3-position of ManNAc. This polyhexNAc showed notable antioxidant activities with a Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity of 330 μmol Trolox/g, a ferric reducing ability of plasma of 45.7 μmol Fe(II)/g, and significant cytoprotective effect against H2O2-induced PC12 cell injury. This is the first report on the structure and bioactivity of an extracellular amino-polysaccharide from the Cordyceps species.

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Jiang, Changxing; Xiong, Qingping; Gan, Dan; Jiao, Yunpeng; Liu, Jing; Ma, Liping; Zeng, Xiaoxiong
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Antioxidant activity and potential hepatoprotective effect of polysaccharides from Cyclina sinensis
{URL}: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014486171200803X
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Carbohydrate Polymers
{Volume}: 91
{Issue}: 1
{Pages}: 262-268
{Date Displayed}: 2013/1/2/
{Alternate Title}: Carbohydrate Polymers
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0144-8617
{Keywords}: Cyclina sinensis; Polysaccharide; Characterization; Antioxidant activity; Hepatoprotective activity
{Abstract}: In the present study, we investigated the preliminary structure, in vitro antioxidant and in vivo hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides from Cyclina sinensis (CSPS). The analytic results of Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy indicated the presence of α-type glycosidic linkages in CSPS-1 or CSPS-2, and the average molecular weights for CSPS-1, CSPS-2 and CSPS-3 were 69, 81 and 101 kDa, respectively. For antioxidant activities in vitro, crude CSPS, CSPS-1, CSPS-2 and CSPS-3 showed moderate H2O2 scavenging activity, lipid peroxidation inhibition effect and strong Fe2+ chelating activity. For hepatoprotective activity in vivo, the administration of CSPS significantly decreased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, inhibited the formation of malondialdehyde and enhanced the activities of liver superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mice. These results suggested that CSPS had potent antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities.

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Zhang, Zhongshan; Wang, Xiaomei; Mo, Xiaofang; Qi, Huimin
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Degradation and the antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from Enteromorpha linza
{URL}: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014486171201212X
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Carbohydrate Polymers
{Volume}: 92
{Issue}: 2
{Pages}: 2084-2087
{Date Displayed}: 2013/2/15/
{Alternate Title}: Carbohydrate Polymers
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0144-8617
{Keywords}: Enteromorpha linza; Polysaccharide; Molecular weight; Antioxidant activity
{Abstract}: Polysaccharide extracted from Enteromorpha linza possesses excellent antioxidant activities, but its molecular weight was greatly high which influences the activity. In this study, the combination of ascorbic acid and H2O2 was used as degradation reagents in order to obtain the lower molecular weight product. The results suggested that the most effective molar ratio of the two reagents was 1. Three degraded polysaccharides were selected to evaluate their antioxidant activities in vitro and characterized the relationship between antioxidant activity and chemical characteristics. It was found that the degraded sample with lower molecular weight possessed the higher antioxidant activities.