{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Li, Bing; Liu, Song; Xing, Ronge; Li, Kecheng; Li, Rongfeng; Qin, Yukun; Wang, Xueqin; Wei, Zhenhua; Li, Pengcheng
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Degradation of sulfated polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera and their antioxidant activities
{URL}: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144861712012040
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Carbohydrate Polymers
{Volume}: 92
{Issue}: 2
{Pages}: 1991-1996
{Date Displayed}: 2013/2/15/
{Alternate Title}: Carbohydrate Polymers
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0144-8617
{Keywords}: Enteromorpha prolifera; Sulfated polysaccharide; Microwave-assistance; Molecular weight; Antioxidant activity
{Abstract}: The effects of degradation on molecular weights (Mws) of polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera were investigated. Microwave-assistance could highly accelerate reaction rate. Six representative sulfated polysaccharides (Mw 446.5, 247.0, 76.1, 19.0, 5.0 and 3.1 KDa) were prepared by a microwave-assistance acid hydrolysis method. Chemical analysis and FT-IR spectrum showed only glycosidic linkages were cleft without breaking significant structural units. Antioxidant activities of representative polysaccharides revealed that all samples showed great inhibitory effects on superoxide radical at a low concentration compared to Vitamin C and samples with high Mws exhibited higher inhibitory effects. On the contrary, samples with low Mws possessed stronger inhibitory effects on hydroxyl radical, IC50 of Mw 3.1 KDa was 0.39 mg/mL. The chelating effect of Mw 3.1 KDa was 77.3% at 5 mg/mL, which was twice more than initial polysaccharide. The study indicated Mw was the most significant factor to influence antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from E. prolifera.

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Ma, Lishuai; Chen, Haixia; Zhu, Wenchai; Wang, Zhaoshuai
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Effect of different drying methods on physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides extracted from mushroom Inonotus obliquus
{URL}: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0963996911002924
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Food Research International
{Volume}: 50
{Issue}: 2
{Pages}: 633-640
{Date Displayed}: 2013/3//
{Alternate Title}: Food Research International
Stability of phytochemicals during processing
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0963-9969
{Keywords}: Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides; Physicochemical properties; Antioxidant activities; Drying methods
{Abstract}: Inonotus obliquus is a kind of mushroom which has long been used as a folk remedy for curing various diseases such as cancers, heart disease and diabetes in Russian and Eastern Europe. Polysaccharides are one of the main bioactive constituents of Inonotus obliquus with health functions. Three drying methods, freeze drying, hot air drying and vacuum drying methods were comparatively studied on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide (IOPS) with chemical methods: gas chromatography, size exclusion chromatography, scanning electron micrograph, 1,1′-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, ferric reducing power assay and lipid peroxidation inhibition assay, respectively. Results showed that physicochemical and antioxidant properties of IOPS differed from each other after the treatment of the three drying methods. Compared with hot air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted in the properties of IOPS with lower molecular weight distribution, a hyperbranched conformation with triple helix, higher antioxidant abilities on DPPH radical scavenging, ferric-reducing power and lipid peroxidation inhibition activity. Freeze drying was a good choice for the preparation of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus and could be used to produce antioxidants for food industry.

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Yu, Fang; Li, Huali; Meng, Yu; Yang, Di
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Extraction optimization of Angelica sinensis polysaccharides and its antioxidant activity in vivo
{URL}: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144861713000672
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Carbohydrate Polymers
{Volume}: 94
{Issue}: 1
{Pages}: 114-119
{Date Displayed}: 2013/4/15/
{Alternate Title}: Carbohydrate Polymers
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0144-8617
{Keywords}: CCl4; Angelica sinensis; Hepatoprotective activity; Antioxidant enzymes; Histopathology
{Abstract}: Extraction of Angelica sinensis polysaccharides (ASP) was optimized by the utilization of response surface methodology, RSM. Through the analysis, extraction time and water/solid were found to be the most significant factors. Based on contour plots and variance analysis, optimum operational conditions for maximizing polysaccharides yield (5.6%) were found to be extraction time 130 min, water/solid 5, and extraction number 5. A. sinensis polysaccharides (150 and 300 mg/kg) were administered for 15 days. The hepatoprotective activity was assessed using various biochemical parameters. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransfere (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were significantly restored toward normalization by the extracts (150 and 300 mg/kg body weight). ASP (150 and 300 mg/kg body weight) significantly increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes. It can be concluded that ASP possesses significant protective effect against hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). This protective effect appears due to ASP antioxidant properties.

{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Author}: Wu, Zhen; Li, Hong; Tu, Dawei; Yang, Yong; Zhan, Yong
{Year}: 2013
{Title}: Extraction optimization, preliminary characterization, and in vitro antioxidant activities of crude polysaccharides from finger citron
{URL}: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926669012005936
{Tag}: 0
{Star}: 0
{Journal}: Industrial Crops and Products
{Volume}: 44
{Pages}: 145-151
{Date Displayed}: 2013/1//
{Alternate Title}: Industrial Crops and Products
{ISBN/ISSN}: 0926-6690
{Keywords}: Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis; Crude polysaccharide; Response surface methodology; Characterization; Antioxidant activity
{Abstract}: Finger citron (Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis) (FC) fruits, widely cultivated in the southern provinces of China, have been long used as traditional Chinese medicinal material. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of crude polysaccharides (FCPs) from FC fruits with a central composite design. Three independent variables such as extraction temperature (°C), extraction time (h), and ratio of water to raw material were investigated. The experimental data obtained were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis. The 3-D response surface plot and the contour plot derived from the mathematical models were applied to determine the optimal conditions. The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 100 °C, extraction time 1.5 h, and ratio of water to raw material 40. Under these conditions, the experimental value was 3.19 ± 0.10%, which is well in close agreement with value predicted by the model. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry spectra revealed the general characteristic absorption peaks of FCPs. Then, we demonstrated that FCPs had strong scavenging activities in vitro on DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals. Overall, FCPs may have potential applications in the medical and food industries.